Health and the People 1-2 Flashcards
What was the medieval society centered around and ORDERED around
Religion
Who had the most power in the medieval society.
Catholic Church / Monarch
Fuedal system
King
l
Baron
l
Knight
l
Peasant
What percentage of people lived in the countryside
90%
What was the way people earned alot of money
Trade (trade of wool with europe)
What is the Greek idea of the 4 humours
When each persons 4 humours Blood, Phlem, Yellow bile, Black bile were out of balance they would become ill
What were peasants houses made of
Wattle and daub
How did medieval people cook
Open fires in their house with no chimmeny
Where were animals kept in medieval times at night
In the house
Describe a peasants diet
Pottage
Fruit and vegetables
Milk and Cheese
Fish
When was the Great Famine
1315
What percentage of the population died from the Great Famine
10%
What were the benefits of drinking small beer
The fermentation process killed bacteria and germs
What were middens
Hole in the ground where waste went
Cesspits were
Container for human waste
What happened to medieval springs
Contaminated by dead animal bodies and dumping waste into the springs
TOWNS
TOWNS
Why did disease spread so fast in medieval towns
The houses were packed so close together
When were people in towns getting fresh food
Weekly market
Why were the towns filled with dung and blood
Drovers bought in livestock to be slaughtered
Where were some towns getting their clean water from in the town
Conduits
What did gongfermers do
Remove human waste from cesspits and latrines
Rakers did
Clean the streets
Who didnt have to share latrines
The rich had private latrines
BLACK DEATH
BLACK DEATH
When did the Black Death hit
1348
How much of England did the Black Death kill
Half
3 Beliefs for causes for the Black Death (not humours)
God punishing them
Miasma
Movement of the planets
Responses to the Black Death
Pray for forgiveness so God would take disease away
Flagellants whipped themselves to prove to God they were sorry for sins
Balance the 4 humours by bloodletting
Posies of sweet smelling flowers around their house to purify the air of miasma
Who ordered the mayor of London to clean the streets
King Edward III
PUBLIC HEALTH IN MEDIEVAL TOWNS AND MONASTERIES
PUBLIC HEALTH IN MEDIEVAL TOWNS AND MONASTERIES
Who lead the way of hygene
The Church
Why did Cathedrals and the monestaries have clean water
Baptisms
What did monastaries do to get clean water
Dig trenches and lay pipes
When did the power of the Church decrease
15th Century
How did towns make efforts to improve public health
Dung heaps and prostitutes were moved to the edge of the town (Bristol)
When were more laws passed to improve public health (medieval)
1348
What are “by laws”
Laws that only apply to certain areas
EARLY MODERN BRITAIN
EARLY MODERN BRITAIN
When did the population reach 6 million in Britain
1750
Where did trade expand to in early modern Britain and what products did this bring
America and India
sugar tobacco, cotton
How many people could vote in the early modern period
3%
What invention proved science was starting to be more researched and religious power lessened
The microscope
Who gained and who lost power in the early modern period
The Monarchy and Church lost power, parliament gained power
What invention and when century was it made allowed mass produced books
Printing press, 15th century
How often did the great plague keep re-occuring
Every 20 years
When was the last (basically only) outbreak of the great plague and how many were killed in London
1665
15%
What beliefs for the Great Plague still persisted
God
Miasma
What happened in 1518 that was the government helping with the Great Plague
Houses infected with the plague had to be isolated
What happened in 1578 that was the government helping with the Great Plague
Elizabeth instituted the plague orders for example burning clothes of plague victims
What happened in 1604 that was the government helping with the Great Plague
Plague act has harsher punishements for breaking isolation laws
What did York do to help combat the plague
In 1550 appoint watchmen to make sure plague victims can’t enter the city
When did towns make pest houses to house plague victims century
1600s
How did living conditions differ from the Medieval period
Rich can afford varied diets coffee, sugar
Houses made of stone or brick
Fresh water piped into rich’s homes
Flushing toilet invented in 1596
How did living conditions stay the same
Diet of poor was unchanged and famine was still a danger
Most people still got water from contaminated conduits
Cesspits still used which overflowed
How did the local government (York) help with public health
Fines for throwing human waste into the street
Pigs not allowed to wander streets
Can’t build privy over main stream
Which decade did the gin craze start
1720s
Name all of the years of the unsucessful gin acts, what did they do
1729, 1736, 1743 taxes and licenses
When was the successful gin act
1751
What punishments for not having licenses or paying taxes or having a license did the successful gin act have
Whipping, transportation to australia
