Living Spaces Flashcards
What would your living space be like if you lived in a rich city like London?
Probably a small flat, maybe a house if you were rich
Luxurious
Clean
Lots of facilities like washing machines, fridge, freezer, microwave, television, beds, storage etc
Good sanitation and washing facilities
Privacy from other people
What does EDC stand for?
Economically developed city or country
What does LEDC stand for?
Less economically developed city or country
What is a MEDC compared to a LEDC?
MEDC is a more economically developed city compared to an LEDC less economically developed city/country.
What would your living space be like if you lived in a LEDC like Nairobi in Kenya
Cheap houses, badly made Poor or no sanitation No running water No electricity Lots of people living in one room No privacy Unclean
What are the two very distinct areas in Nairobi (Kenya)
- The very rich area
2. The very poor slum area
What would the very rich areas in Nairobi (Kenya) be like?
The very rich area: High rise luxury flats or houses Running water Good sanitation Electricity Lots of facilities Hospitals Shops Libraries Schools Doctors and medicine Parks Lawyers Banks Postal service Organised roads and addresses Very clean Regular rubbish collections Police to bring about law and order Entertainment, e.g. cinemas, cafes, restaurants
There may be some crime as the poorer areas get jealous and steal or hurt the rich people.
What would the main slum area in Nairobi (Kenya)
Very poor housing made of cheap materials possibly from scrap metal or wood
Poor or no sanitation: no toilets so the area would be smelly with lots of germs that would promote disease.
No electricity for amenities like fridge, freezer, washing machine etc.
Very high rates of crime: drug dealing, robbery, guns etc
No schools, hospitals, courts, police
No public transport
No obvious streets or addresses
No postal system
Lots of rubbish as there would be no rubbish collection…. rats and mice and disease breeding in the rotting rubbish.
No hospitals, medicine or doctors.
No parks for children to play in. They play in rubbish tips.
Why do the poor people live very close to the rich people when they do not like each other: the rich hate the filth of the slums and the poor rob and threaten the rich.
The rich and poor need each other:
1) the rich need people who will cook, clean, shop, look after the children, sweep the streets, drivers, labourers and do all the very low paid jobs that help them lead their privileged lives.
2) The poor need the jobs and money that the rich people give them to survive. They are the only people who will do the work for affordable prices.
And so as long as both sides need each other, then they are pretty stable living together.
List some PHYSICAL factors with examples that affect the location of cities
- Close to water for washing, toilet and trading e.g. Dundee, Southampton, South Downs
- Not close to a flood area, e.g. Cairo and the Nile
- Good soils for farming, e.g. East Anglia
- Hills for defence , e.g Corfe castle
- Shelter from the weather
- Good drainage for farming and so ground was dry for living
List some CLIMATE factors with examples that affect the location of cities
- Good weather for farming e.g sun and rain, not too windy
2. Pleasant weather for living in, not too hot or cold or windy or wet.
List some ECONOMIC factors with examples that affect the location of cities
- Physically close to a port, e.g. Dundee and Southampton
- Near the coast for trading of goods
- With meandering rivers to allow transport of goods for trading
- Some road or early transport structure to allow goods to travel for trading
- Good markets set up to trade goods
What three types of factor affect the location of the early cities?
Economy
Climate
Physical geography
What is a settlement?
A settlement is an area where people live. It can be a city or just a house in the middle of the countryside.
What is meant by the term the site of a settlement?
The site of a settlement is the place where it is built. All the features of the place will be taken into account.
Give two examples of a good site of settlement and why?
- The site of Corfu castle which was built on the side of a mountain for défense so they could quickly see who and when someone was coming to attack them.
- The settlement in the South Downs is strategically placed for the ease of getting to water
What is meant by the situation of a settlement? Give an example
The situation of a settlement means where it is situated. This will often change the size and shape of a settlement, for example Southampton is right near the sea so can’t spread any further in that direction, but it an advantage for its ports.
Why do modern settlements not have to be beside a river for living water?
It can be piped in by a good water system and waste can be removed.
What is meant by a settlement function? Give some examples
A settlement function is what it is designed to do. They start with one function and they grow to develop others.
Southampton’s first function was as a port, Shropshire or Ludlow were originally market towns and Southport was a resort town
What happens to a settlement function over time?
They keep their original function but as the town grows they develop more and more functions.
Give examples of how cities change through time?
- More buildings are created and improved. May start with mud huts and then move to glass and bricks
- City is busier with lots more people
- Transport improves e.g roads get better and horse and carts change to cars
- Function may change e.g. defence to retail
- Some areas are demolished due to conflict e.g. WW1 and 2 and Kings e.g. monasteries
Give some reasons for why cities have changed over time?
- Transport
- Conflict e.g. wars
- Function e.g port closes down, no longer a popular resort for holidays
- Natural disasters e.g. earthquakes
- Population change e.g immigration of a different population of people with different lifestyles
- Economic changes e.g. port closes down and there is no more trading, coal mines close down and there are no more jobs
- Transport can improve and then more trading, tourists
- Airport could open up and there would be a lot more traders and tourists
- A new industry could open with lots of jobs that attract people
- Population change due to jobs available with associated migration or immigration
- Better communications
- Better technology
- Better innovation (opportunities)
- Better resource availability
Discuss how the town of Ur in Iraq developed in 7000 bc
The two rivers Tigris and Euphrates provided living water and fish.
The water allowed trading and transport.
What do you think Ur in Iraq developed in 7000 bc was like then?
Well populated for that time
Rich
Powerful
Ur used to be called Mesopotamia. What does this mean in Greek?
The land between the rivers
Discuss what Roman London would have looked like in 43AD
Well populated
Powerful
Rich
Why did the city of Roman London build up?
The city of London in England was built up around the river Thames. The river provided a water supply, washing, drinking, fish for food and trade links
How did the industrial city of York build up?
Between the two rivers Foss and Ouse. The rivers provided a water supply for drinking, washing, trading.
What was build around York and other cities for safety?
A high wall Stretching all the way around so that people would feel safe as they were defended from their enemies.
How did Manchester change over time after it was built around a water reservoir?
During the industrial revolution, lots of factories were built which provided lots of jobs, so people flocked to the city for work.
Los Angeles started off very small with 48 people living around the edge of the sea. What is it like now?
It is a huge city with lots of industry and people. It has just grown and grown as more people flocked here for the jobs in industry but also because it has a very sunny climate and good living conditions
Why is Masdar near Abu Dhabi special?
It is an eco city. It started being built when you were born (2006) and is due to finish in 2030.
It is near the airport with good toad links
It will be energy saving
Not very populated
Very quiet and peaceful.
How will the eco city Masdar access water as it is land locked.
Networked pipes will provide water and sanitation
List the sorts of things you would find in a city.
Airport Train station Bus station Good roads and cars Libraries Hospitals Doctors Dentists Shops Schools Universities Police stations Fire stations Hôtels Law courts Night clubs and entertainment
Give some key information about the central business district CBD
The heart of the city, where settlement was originally cited.
Many high rise building or skyscrapers
Highly accessible - largest urban areas often have a mass rapid transport system, e.g. tube or metro
Small residential population but during the day and evening it is crowded with people working, shopping or seeking entertainment.
What are the main functions of the CBD?
Shops Offices Culture and entertainment High land costs Large competition between shops and entertainment
What would you look for on a map for central business district CBD?
Commercial activity - shops, department stores, banks, building society’s, offices.
Cultural activity - theatres, cinemas, restaurants
Major bus or railway stations
Pedestrianised centre
Town hall
Provide some key information about the inner city
Grew during the industrial revolution
High density terraced housing originally built to accommodate workers from nearby factories.
During 1960’s and 1970’s many local authorities tried to improve parts of inner cities suffering from decay. High rise flats were built but demolished after 30 years.
During 1980’s and 1990’s inner cities continued to decline and problems worsened. Riots broke out in some areas. The riots led to an enquiry after which a new phase of inner city regeneration began.
What would you look for on a map to find the inner city?
Grid iron street pattern
No space wasted
Narrow streets
Terraced housing leading straight onto the street, with yards. It gardens
Give some key information about suburbs
Mostly residential
Different types of houses include:
Local authority housing (council estates)
Victorian terraces
Inter war housing (usually semi detached)
Post war private housing (usually detached)
What would you look out for on a map to identify suburbs
Irregular road pattern with avenues and cul de sacs
Semi detached or detached housing with gardens and garages
Wider roads
Possible open spaces
What is a rural fringe?
Detached housing, very open and green
Natural environment with clean air
Most houses are privately owned
Very healthy and low stress
What would a rural fringe look like on a map?
Lack of housing with. Dry green areas
What is greenfield land?
Forest or green areas that haven’t been built on before
What is brownfield land?
A place where there once was buildings but it has now fallen out of use
Many people all want to live in the same region. Which one?
SE England
Do you think people should build new homes on brownland or Greenfield?
Brownland. The Greenfield should be left alone should wildlife, plants etc can thrive. Leaves nice green spaces for people to visit.
Brownland uses land and probably infrastructure that is already there.
What are the problems of building on brownland?
It is very expensive to renovate as you have to clear away what was there originally
Where are greenfield sites?
Rural fringe, country side
What are the houses like in Greenland?
Large and modern
What are the disadvantages of building on Greenland?
Country traffic jams, not such good road networks Wildlife will be driven away Farm land will be lost Trees will be cut down Less infrastructure already in place
Greenfield or Brownfield. Where would you rather live?
Brownfield site is more environmentally friendly but I would prefer to live in a greenfield site that is government protected area so people can’t build on the land around it
What are LEDCs?
LEDC are seen as underdeveloped countries.
They generally have a low standard of living and low GDP
The location of the LEDC are mostly in the Southern Hemisphere
Name some LEDC cities and countries
Rio de Janerio in Brazil Nairobi in Kenya Dhaka in Bangladesh Mexico City in a Mexico Manila in Philippines Mumbai in India
Give 2 reasons why urban areas have grown in population in LEDC
- Migration (people moving into the city)
2. Natural increase - more births and less deaths
Concerning rural urban migration, there are push and pull factors that either pull people into the areas or push people away from rural areas.
Name some push factors
Push people away from rural areas to move into urban areas
Poverty
Work only available in farms and there is not enough
Land shortages, overuse of farmland
Drought causing food shortages and famine
Lack of services, shortage of clean water and sanitation
Remoteness
Little hope of change and improvement
Old traditional ways of life no longer attractive
Concerning rural urban migration, there are push and pull factors that either pull people into the areas or push people away from rural areas.
Name some pull factors
Factors pulling people into urban areas:
Better paid jobs Work in factories, offices and shops Reliable food supplies Schools Hospitals Safe water supply Electricity Better road and transport Always changing and interesting New skyscrapers and road systems, proper shops, a dynamic feel to the place
What is a slum?
An informal unplanned area of housing often built with very poor quality material. Poor sanitation and environmental quality.
What is life like in the slums?
Some children put themselves in danger for entertainment e.g playing in huge rubbish piles Housing is unsafe and of poor quality No amenities e.g. running water, electricity, sanitation Rough and dirty Dangerous as there is lots of crime Overcrowded, lack of privacy No hospitals, schools or proper shops No street lighting No policing
What is the Favela Bairro Project
Charity that improves conditions in the slums
E.g. housing, education, helping people get off drugs, sanitation, street lighting.
Help residents grow their own food - self help
