Living Organisms and Cells Flashcards
What 8 characteristics do all living organisms share?
Movement
Respiration - release energy from food
Sensitivity - respond to stimuli
Growth - increase in size and mass
Reproduction - produce offspring
Excretion - remove metabolic waste
Internal control - control their internal conditions
Nutrition - make their own food or eat other organisms
What is an organelle?
A cell structure that is specialized to carry out certain functions
Eg mitochondria - release energy
What is a cell?
A group of organelles which work together to perform a specific function
Eg red blood cells - carry oxygen
What is a tissue?
A group of cells that work together to perform a shared function
Eg muscle tissue - made of muscle cells
What is an organ?
A group of tissues that work together to perform a shared function
Eg heart
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a shared function
Eg digestive system
What’s the function of a nucleus?
It contains the genetic material which control the cells activities
What’s the function of cytoplasm?
It’s a jelly-like substance where most reactions take place
What’s the function of the cell membrane?
It controls the movement of substances in and out of cells
What’s the function of a cell wall?
It’s made of cellulose and strengths the cell
What’s the function of chloroplast?
It contains chlorophyll which is used in photosynthesis to make food
What’s the function of a vacuole?
It’s filled with cell sap and helps keep the cell turgid
What are some common features of plants?
- multicellular
- cells contain chloroplasts which are able to carry out photosynthesis
- cell walls are made of cellulose
- store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
What are some common features of animals?
- multicellular
- they don’t have cell walls
- cells don’t contain chloroplasts
- usually have nervous coordination
- store carbohydrates as glycogen
What are some common features of fungi?
- uni and multicellular
- can’t carry out photosynthesis
- mycelium made of thread-like strands called hyphae
- cell walls made of chitin
- feed by saprotrophic nutrition (secreting digestive enzymes onto food and absorbing organic product)
- store carbohydrates as glycogen
