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Biology Year 9 > Living Organisms > Flashcards

Living Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What is movement?

A

An action by an organism causing a change of position or place

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2
Q

What is reproduction?

A

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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3
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

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4
Q

What is control?

A

Homeostasis: the capacity to maintain the stability of diverse internal variables

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5
Q

What is growth?

A

A permanent increase in size

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6
Q

What is respiration?

A

The chemical reactions that breakdown nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

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7
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal from organisms of toxic materials and substances in excess of requirement

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8
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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9
Q

What is an organelle?

A

Small structure inside a cell which carries out a specific function

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10
Q

What is a cell?

A

Basic functional and structural units in a living organism

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11
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Group of cells of similar structure working together to perform the same function

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12
Q

What tissues do animals have?

A

Epithelial - lining things
Muscular - muscle tissue
Connective - fat and veins and connections
Neuronal - nerves

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13
Q

What tissues do plants have?

A

Epidermal - lines things
Palisade - where photosynthesis happens
Xylem + phloem - transport water + sugar around the plant
Spongy - air spaces for gas exchange
Meristem - growing tips of shoots + roots

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14
Q

What is an organ?

A

Collection of different tissues working together to perform a specific function

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15
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Collection of organs working together to perform a specific body function

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16
Q

Levels of organisation

A

Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
(Organism)

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17
Q

What does the brain do?

A

Allows us to control all parts of our body

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18
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Pumps blood to the cells (around the body)

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19
Q

What does the kidney do?

A

Clean the blood and balance water in the body

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20
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Makes and stores substances
Deals with waste/poisins

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21
Q

What do animal cells contain?

A

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

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22
Q

What do plant cells contain?

A

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuole

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23
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Control which substances can pass in and out of the cell

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24
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains genetic material/DNA
—> controls what substances are made by the cell
—> controls cell activities

25
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Thick watery liquid where chemical reactions take place —> contains enzymes which speed up reaction rate
26
What is the function of mitochondria?
Provide cells with the energy they need to function —> place of key reactions like aerobic respiration
27
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
28
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides support and protection
29
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Green discs that contain chlorophyll —> where photosynthesis occurs
30
What is the function of the vacuole?
Contains cell sap that makes the cell rigid —> mixture of sugars, salts and water
31
What is the plant cell wall made of?
Cellulose
32
What is the equation for total magnification?
Magnification of eyepiece lens x magnification of objective lens
33
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell that has the ability to divide to make more stem cells and differentiated cells
34
What is differentiation?
The process by which stem cells become specialised into different cell types
35
What is the function of a palisade cell?
To carry out photosynthesis to make glucose for the plant
36
What are the adaptions of a palisade cell?
Lots of chloroplasts to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
37
What is the function of a root hair cell?
To absorb water and minerals from the soil
38
What are the adaptations of a root hair cell?
Long root hair to give it a large surface area for absorption of water and minerals into the cells No chloroplasts due to being underground
39
What is the function of a sperm cell?
To fertilise an egg cell
40
What are the adaptations of a sperm cell?
Long tail to help it travel to the egg Lots of mitochondria to release energy to allow the sperm to move
41
What is the function of an egg cell?
To be fertilised by a sperm cell
42
What are the adaptations of an egg cell?
Cytoplasm contains nutrients for the developing embryo Membrane changes after fertilisation to stop anymore sperm getting in
43
What is the function of a nerve cell?
To carry nerve impulses around the body
44
What are the adaptations of a nerve cell?
Long fibres allow it to carry electrical impulses up and down the body Branching dendrites at each end to connect to other nerves or muscles
45
What is the function of a muscle cell?
To help the body move
46
What are the adaptations of a muscle cell?
Bands of protein that change shape to contract and relax the muscle
47
What is the function of a red blood cell?
To transport oxygen around the body
48
What are the adaptations of a red blood cell?
No nucleus so there is more room for haemoglobin —> which binds to oxygen molecules Biconcave shape to give a large surface area for diffusion of oxygen
49
What is the function of a white blood cell?
To fight pathogens that cause disease
50
What are the adaptations of a white blood cell?
Produce antibodies to kill pathogens Produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins Can change shape to squeeze out of blood vessels and engulf pathogens
51
What is the function of a ciliated epithelial cell?
To move dust and microorganisms away from the lungs
52
What are the adaptations of a ciliated epithelial cell?
Tiny hairs called cilia help to waft the mucus along the airways Lots of mitochondria to release energy for cilia to move
53
Why do plants have a cell wall?
For support
54
Where is the site of the chemical reactions in the cell?
Cytoplasm
55
What is a specialised cell?
A cell that has a specific shape for a specific job
56
Why does the plant cell have a vacuole?
To store cell sap
57
What do animal and plant cells both contain?
Cell membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Ribosomes
58
How are animal and plant cells different?
Plant cells have: Cell wall Chloroplasts Vacuole

Biology Year 9 (5 decks)

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