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Alimentary System: Physiology SA > Liver Structure and Function > Flashcards

Liver Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 4 lobes of the liver

A

Right, left
Caudate
Quadrate

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2
Q

What is found in the porta cava of the liver

A 
Hepatic Portal vein 
Hepatic artery 
Lymphatic vesels 
Common hepatic duct 
Hepatic nerve
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3
Q

Where is the porta cava located on the liver

A

At each corner of hexagonal lobule

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4
Q

What two ducts form the cystic duct gong into the gallbladder

A

Bile duct and common hepatic duct

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5
Q

What do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct from together to from

A

major duodenal papilla (Sphincter of Oddi)

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6
Q

What surround the bare area of the liver

A

Coronary ligament

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7
Q

What covers the entire liver surface minus the bare area

A

Connective tissue capsule and visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

Where does the blood vessels form the porta triad all drain

A

In the central vein that drain into the hepatic vein then the IVC

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9
Q

What is the histological arrangement of the liver

A

A septa divided into hexagonal lobules

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10
Q

where do all the hepatic cords surround

A

Central vein

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11
Q

What is the hepatic cords composed of

A

Hepatocytes

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12
Q

What is locates inbetween hepatic cords

A

Hepatic sinusoids - discontinuous capillaries

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13
Q

What open channels lie between the hepatocytes of the liver cells

A

Bile canaliculus

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14
Q

What is the Primary function of the hepatocyte cells

A

Produce and secrete bile

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15
Q

Where is bile in the liver stored once its produced by the hepatocytes and before it travels in the hepatic ducts to the gall bladder

A

Stored in bile canaliculi

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16
Q

What is the additional function of Liver hepatocytes

A

Nutrient Interconversion

Nutrient storage

detoxification

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17
Q

What nutrients are stored in the liver

A 
Glycogen 
Fat 
Vitamins 
Copper 
Iron
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18
Q

What happens to the products of detoxification in the liver

A

Dumped into the cannaliculi, then transported via hepatic ducts into the lumen of the small intestine

19
Q

What is present in the hepatic artery

A

Oxygen rich nutrient depleted blood

20
Q

What is present in the hepatic portal vein

A

Oxygen depleted nutrient rich blood

21
Q

Where do the hepatic sinusoid drain into

A

The central vein

22
Q

Where does the cannaliculi drain into

A

The hepatic ducts

23
Q

What is the 6 components of bile

A

(1) Bile acids
(2) Lecithin
(3) Cholesterol
(4) Bile Pigments Bilirubin
(5) Toxic Metals (Detoxified in liver)
(6) Bicarbonate

24
Q

What is bile acid synthesised from

A

Cholesterol

25
Q

How is Bile acids solubility increases

A

Conjugated with an amino acid e.g. glycerine or taurine = bile salts

26
Q

What is the pathway of bile after being synthesised in the liver

A

bile synthesised travels down hepatic duct, stored in gall bladder, then when needed travels down common bile duct into small intestine to far end of illieum, taken back up into blood stream through the hepatic portal vein then back into the liver

27
Q

How is bile pigments bilirubin synthesised

A

From breakdown product of Haemoglobin from old damaged erythrocytes

28
Q

What is the only component of bile that is not synthesed by hepatocytes

A

Bicarbonate, secreted from duct cells

29
Q

What 3 components of bile are synthesised in the liver

A

Bile acid
Lecithin
Cholesterol

30
Q

How is yellow bile formed

A

as Bilirubin (predominant bile pigment) - extracted from blood by hepatocytes and secreted into bile

31
Q

What happens whenBilirubin modified by bacterial enzymes

A

Forms brown pigments = brown faeces

32
Q

What happens when bilirubin is excreted in urine

A

Form yellow urine

33
Q

What happens to bile acids before they are secreted

A

Conjugated with glycine or taurine forming bile salts

34
Q

Through what circulation is bile salts recycled

A

Enteroheaptic circulaiton

35
Q

Where is the gallbladder located on the liver

A

On the inferior surface

36
Q

What is the 3 layers of the gallbladder

A

Mucosa - ruggae

Muscualris _ smooth muscle

Serosa - connective tissue

37
Q

What is the pathway of the contents of the gallbladder

A

Move out into cystic duct then into common bile duct

38
Q

What does the spinchter of Oddi control the release of

A

Controls release of bile and pancreatic juice into duodenum

39
Q

What happens to bile in the gallbladder

A

Bile becomes 5-20 times more concentrated by absorbing sodium creating an osmotic force so water is pulled into the gallbladder

40
Q

What is the purpose of a more concentrated bile

A

Can digest fat quicker

41
Q

What hormone controls the release of bile

A

Cholecystokinin

42
Q

What is the affect of Cholecystokinin on the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi

A

Sphincter of oddi relaxes and gallbladder contracts

discharging bile into the duodenum

43
Q

What hormone controls the process of digestion

A

Cholecystokinin

44
Q

What hormones controls the process of neutralisation

A

Secretin

Alimentary System: Physiology SA (9 decks)

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