Liver Structure and Function Flashcards
What is the 4 lobes of the liver
Right, left
Caudate
Quadrate
What is found in the porta cava of the liver
Hepatic Portal vein Hepatic artery Lymphatic vesels Common hepatic duct Hepatic nerve
Where is the porta cava located on the liver
At each corner of hexagonal lobule
What two ducts form the cystic duct gong into the gallbladder
Bile duct and common hepatic duct
What do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct from together to from
major duodenal papilla (Sphincter of Oddi)
What surround the bare area of the liver
Coronary ligament
What covers the entire liver surface minus the bare area
Connective tissue capsule and visceral peritoneum
Where does the blood vessels form the porta triad all drain
In the central vein that drain into the hepatic vein then the IVC
What is the histological arrangement of the liver
A septa divided into hexagonal lobules
where do all the hepatic cords surround
Central vein
What is the hepatic cords composed of
Hepatocytes
What is locates inbetween hepatic cords
Hepatic sinusoids - discontinuous capillaries
What open channels lie between the hepatocytes of the liver cells
Bile canaliculus
What is the Primary function of the hepatocyte cells
Produce and secrete bile
Where is bile in the liver stored once its produced by the hepatocytes and before it travels in the hepatic ducts to the gall bladder
Stored in bile canaliculi
What is the additional function of Liver hepatocytes
Nutrient Interconversion
Nutrient storage
detoxification
What nutrients are stored in the liver
Glycogen Fat Vitamins Copper Iron
What happens to the products of detoxification in the liver
Dumped into the cannaliculi, then transported via hepatic ducts into the lumen of the small intestine
What is present in the hepatic artery
Oxygen rich nutrient depleted blood
What is present in the hepatic portal vein
Oxygen depleted nutrient rich blood
Where do the hepatic sinusoid drain into
The central vein
Where does the cannaliculi drain into
The hepatic ducts
What is the 6 components of bile
(1) Bile acids
(2) Lecithin
(3) Cholesterol
(4) Bile Pigments Bilirubin
(5) Toxic Metals (Detoxified in liver)
(6) Bicarbonate
What is bile acid synthesised from
Cholesterol
How is Bile acids solubility increases
Conjugated with an amino acid e.g. glycerine or taurine = bile salts
What is the pathway of bile after being synthesised in the liver
bile synthesised travels down hepatic duct, stored in gall bladder, then when needed travels down common bile duct into small intestine to far end of illieum, taken back up into blood stream through the hepatic portal vein then back into the liver
How is bile pigments bilirubin synthesised
From breakdown product of Haemoglobin from old damaged erythrocytes
What is the only component of bile that is not synthesed by hepatocytes
Bicarbonate, secreted from duct cells
What 3 components of bile are synthesised in the liver
Bile acid
Lecithin
Cholesterol
How is yellow bile formed
as Bilirubin (predominant bile pigment) - extracted from blood by hepatocytes and secreted into bile
What happens whenBilirubin modified by bacterial enzymes
Forms brown pigments = brown faeces
What happens when bilirubin is excreted in urine
Form yellow urine
What happens to bile acids before they are secreted
Conjugated with glycine or taurine forming bile salts
Through what circulation is bile salts recycled
Enteroheaptic circulaiton
Where is the gallbladder located on the liver
On the inferior surface
What is the 3 layers of the gallbladder
Mucosa - ruggae
Muscualris _ smooth muscle
Serosa - connective tissue
What is the pathway of the contents of the gallbladder
Move out into cystic duct then into common bile duct
What does the spinchter of Oddi control the release of
Controls release of bile and pancreatic juice into duodenum
What happens to bile in the gallbladder
Bile becomes 5-20 times more concentrated by absorbing sodium creating an osmotic force so water is pulled into the gallbladder
What is the purpose of a more concentrated bile
Can digest fat quicker
What hormone controls the release of bile
Cholecystokinin
What is the affect of Cholecystokinin on the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi
Sphincter of oddi relaxes and gallbladder contracts
discharging bile into the duodenum
What hormone controls the process of digestion
Cholecystokinin
What hormones controls the process of neutralisation
Secretin
