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Alimentary System: Physiology SA > Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Four functions of the digestive system

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

What is the function of the mouth

A

Break down food chemically (saliva) and mechanically (chewing)

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3
Q

What is the general functions of saliva

A

Gives lubrication allowing the ability to swallow and contains amylase to break down food for digestion

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4
Q

What is the function of the stomach

A

Digestion of proteins

Sterilisation

Reduce food to liquid form

Allows storage

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5
Q

Other than in saliva where do you find digestive enzymes for fats, proteins and carbohydrates

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the liver in the digestive system

A

Produces bile salts that emulsify the fats/lipids to aid digestion in small intestine

Filters product of digestion

Stores excess nutrients

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7
Q

Where is concentrated bile stored

A

Gal Bladder

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8
Q

Where does the final stage of chemical digestion occur

A

Small intesitne

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9
Q

What features of the small intestine allows for maximum absorption

A

Vast surface area due to the folds and the presence of micro vili

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10
Q

What is the functions of the large intestine

A

Water absorption
Bacteria fermentation
Formation of faeces

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11
Q

Name the four colons that form the large intestine

A

Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

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12
Q

What part of the Large intestine goes to the rectum

A

Sigmoid colon

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13
Q

What is the name of three parts that make up the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
ileum

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14
Q

How long is the alimentary canal

A

Mouth/Oesophagus to Rectum

= 8m

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15
Q

The alimentary canal has the same structural arrangement of what 4 distinct layers

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externia
Serosa/adventitia

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16
Q

What is the further divides of the mucosa layer

A

Epithelium
Lamina propia
Muscularis mucosae

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17
Q

Where in the digestive tract would the epithelium be stratified squamous

A

Mouth
Oesophagus
Anal canal

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18
Q

Why in the stomach, small and large intestine is the epithelium simple columnar

A

Adapting for function as allows greater absorption to rescued the absorption time

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19
Q

What is the functions of the epithelium

A

Forms barrier separating lumen of alimentary canal from body

Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus

Absorbs products of digestion

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20
Q

What is the lamina proper, and its function

A

a loose connective tissue layer (glands and lymph vessels) that supports the epithelium

21
Q

What is the submucosa and it function

A

Thick irregular connective tissue that

Supports the mucosa

22
Q

What is contained in the submucosa layer

A

Neurons
Blood vessel
Lymph vessel
Glands

23
Q

What is the name of the neutrons extensive network found between the Submucosa layer and the muscular layer and what is its autonomic intervention

A

Messiners plexus

parasympathetic

24
Q

Where are submucosa glands found and what do they produce

A

Oesophagus - Mucus

Duodenum Glands (brunners gland) - Bicarbonate

25
Q

What is the purpose of the secretion of bicarbonate

A

Neutralsies the acid produced from digestion

26
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue layer found outside the alimentary canal
(in reference to peritoneal cavity)

A

Inside peritoneal cavity - serosa

Outside peritoneal cavity - adventitia

27
Q

What is the two concenteric thick layers of smooth muscle found in the muscular externa

A

Inner layer = Circular muscle

Outer layer = longitudinal layer

28
Q

What is the purpose of circular muscle

A

Constricts lumen

29
Q

What is the purpose of the Longitudinal muscle

A

Shortens the tube

30
Q

What is the overall function of the muscularis externia layer

A

Giver overall motility by Peristalsis and segmentation

31
Q

What is the name of the neutron plexus found in-between the two muscle layers and what is the autonomic innervation

A

Myenteric plexus

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic

32
Q

What forms the enteric nervous system

A

The myenteric plexus and the submucosa (messier) plexus

33
Q

What makes up the autonomic control in the digestive system

A

Long (parasympathetic) and short (Enteric nervous system) reflexes

34
Q

What nerve gives parasympathetic autonomic intervention

A

Vagus nerve

35
Q

What nerve gives sympathetic autonomic intervention

A

splanchnic nerve

36
Q

What nerve stimulates secretion and motility in the digestive tract

A

Vagus nerve

REST AND DIGEST WITH THE PARASYMPATHETIC

(splanchnic = inhibitory)

37
Q

How does the innervation of the salivary gland differ

A

Isn’t innervated by vagus nerve

Stimulated by the facial nerve and the glossopharyngela nerve

also stimulated by the splanchnic rather than being inhibited

38
Q

What are the three branching arteries of the descending abdominal aorta

A

Celiac trunk

Superior and inferior mesenteric artery

39
Q

What does the celiac trunk supply

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

40
Q

What drains into the superior mesenteric vein and is suppled by the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

41
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply and what drains into the inferior mesenteric vein

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

42
Q

Where does all veins drain into in the alimentary canal

A

Hepatic portal vein

43
Q

What does the stomach drain into

A

Gastric vein

44
Q

What does the Pancreas drain into

A

Splenic vein

45
Q

What does the hepatic vein drain into

A

Inferior vena cava

46
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein rich in

A

Nutrients

not oxygen

47
Q

What is the hepatic artery rich in

A

Oxygen

not nutrients

48
Q

What is present in the hepatic vein

A

Oxygen and nutrients

Alimentary System: Physiology SA (9 decks)

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