Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal

Question 1

What is the Four functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

Question 2

What is the function of the mouth

Answer 2

Break down food chemically (saliva) and mechanically (chewing)

Question 3

What is the general functions of saliva

Answer 3

Gives lubrication allowing the ability to swallow and contains amylase to break down food for digestion

Question 4

What is the function of the stomach

Answer 4

Digestion of proteins

Sterilisation

Reduce food to liquid form

Allows storage

Question 5

Other than in saliva where do you find digestive enzymes for fats, proteins and carbohydrates

Answer 5

Pancreas

Question 6

What is the purpose of the liver in the digestive system

Answer 6

Produces bile salts that emulsify the fats/lipids to aid digestion in small intestine

Filters product of digestion

Stores excess nutrients

Question 7

Where is concentrated bile stored

Answer 7

Gal Bladder

Question 8

Where does the final stage of chemical digestion occur

Answer 8

Small intesitne

Question 9

What features of the small intestine allows for maximum absorption

Answer 9

Vast surface area due to the folds and the presence of micro vili

Question 10

What is the functions of the large intestine

Answer 10

Water absorption
Bacteria fermentation
Formation of faeces

Question 11

Name the four colons that form the large intestine

Answer 11

Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

Question 12

What part of the Large intestine goes to the rectum

Answer 12

Sigmoid colon

Question 13

What is the name of three parts that make up the small intestine

Answer 13

Duodenum
Jejunum
ileum

Question 14

How long is the alimentary canal

Answer 14

Mouth/Oesophagus to Rectum

= 8m

Question 15

The alimentary canal has the same structural arrangement of what 4 distinct layers

Answer 15

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externia
Serosa/adventitia

Question 16

What is the further divides of the mucosa layer

Answer 16

Epithelium
Lamina propia
Muscularis mucosae

Question 17

Where in the digestive tract would the epithelium be stratified squamous

Answer 17

Mouth
Oesophagus
Anal canal

Question 18

Why in the stomach, small and large intestine is the epithelium simple columnar

Answer 18

Adapting for function as allows greater absorption to rescued the absorption time

Question 19

What is the functions of the epithelium

Answer 19

Forms barrier separating lumen of alimentary canal from body

Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus

Absorbs products of digestion

Question 20

What is the lamina proper, and its function

Answer 20

a loose connective tissue layer (glands and lymph vessels) that supports the epithelium

Question 21

What is the submucosa and it function

Answer 21

Thick irregular connective tissue that

Supports the mucosa

Question 22

What is contained in the submucosa layer

Answer 22

Neurons
Blood vessel
Lymph vessel
Glands

Question 23

What is the name of the neutrons extensive network found between the Submucosa layer and the muscular layer and what is its autonomic intervention

Answer 23

Messiners plexus

parasympathetic

Question 24

Where are submucosa glands found and what do they produce

Answer 24

Oesophagus - Mucus

Duodenum Glands (brunners gland) - Bicarbonate

Question 25

What is the purpose of the secretion of bicarbonate

Answer 25

Neutralsies the acid produced from digestion

Question 26

What is the name of the connective tissue layer found outside the alimentary canal (in reference to peritoneal cavity)

Answer 26

Inside peritoneal cavity - serosa Outside peritoneal cavity - adventitia

Question 27

What is the two concenteric thick layers of smooth muscle found in the muscular externa

Answer 27

Inner layer = Circular muscle Outer layer = longitudinal layer

Question 28

What is the purpose of circular muscle

Answer 28

Constricts lumen

Question 29

What is the purpose of the Longitudinal muscle

Answer 29

Shortens the tube

Question 30

What is the overall function of the muscularis externia layer

Answer 30

Giver overall motility by Peristalsis and segmentation

Question 31

What is the name of the neutron plexus found in-between the two muscle layers and what is the autonomic innervation

Answer 31

Myenteric plexus Both sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 32

What forms the enteric nervous system

Answer 32

The myenteric plexus and the submucosa (messier) plexus

Question 33

What makes up the autonomic control in the digestive system

Answer 33

Long (parasympathetic) and short (Enteric nervous system) reflexes

Question 34

What nerve gives parasympathetic autonomic intervention

Answer 34

Vagus nerve

Question 35

What nerve gives sympathetic autonomic intervention

Answer 35

splanchnic nerve

Question 36

What nerve stimulates secretion and motility in the digestive tract

Answer 36

Vagus nerve REST AND DIGEST WITH THE PARASYMPATHETIC (splanchnic = inhibitory)

Question 37

How does the innervation of the salivary gland differ

Answer 37

Isn't innervated by vagus nerve Stimulated by the facial nerve and the glossopharyngela nerve also stimulated by the splanchnic rather than being inhibited

Question 38

What are the three branching arteries of the descending abdominal aorta

Answer 38

Celiac trunk | Superior and inferior mesenteric artery

Question 39

What does the celiac trunk supply

Answer 39

Stomach Small intestine Pancreas Liver

Question 40

What drains into the superior mesenteric vein and is suppled by the superior mesenteric artery supply

Answer 40

Small intestine Caecum Ascending colon Transverse colon

Question 41

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply and what drains into the inferior mesenteric vein

Answer 41

Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum

Question 42

Where does all veins drain into in the alimentary canal

Answer 42

Hepatic portal vein

Question 43

What does the stomach drain into

Answer 43

Gastric vein

Question 44

What does the Pancreas drain into

Answer 44

Splenic vein

Question 45

What does the hepatic vein drain into

Answer 45

Inferior vena cava

Question 46

What is the hepatic portal vein rich in

Answer 46

Nutrients | not oxygen

Question 47

What is the hepatic artery rich in

Answer 47

Oxygen | not nutrients

Question 48

What is present in the hepatic vein

Answer 48

Oxygen and nutrients