liver structure and function

Question 1

how large is the liver ?

Answer 1

1.4kg (3lbs)

Question 2

what are the lobes of the liver ?

Answer 2

right,left, caudate and quadrate

Question 3

what is contained in the liver porta ?

Answer 3

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, right and left lymphatic ducts, hepatic nerve plexus

Question 4

what 2 ducts form the common bile duct ?

Answer 4

cystic duct and common hepatic

Question 5

what surrounded the bare area of the liver ?

Answer 5

coronary ligament

Question 6

where does the portal triad (hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic duct) sit in relation to the septa ?

Answer 6

hexagonal corners

Question 7

what is at the centre of each septa lobule ?

Answer 7

central vein that drains to hepatic cords to hepatic veins to inferior vena cava

Question 8

where are bile cannaliculi in septa ?

Answer 8

between hepatocytes in the hepatic cords

Question 9

describe the drainage into the hepatic sinusoids

Answer 9

hepatic portal vein (O2 depleted and nutrient rich)
hepatic artery (O2 rich and nutrient depleted)

Question 10

where do the hepatic sinusoids drain ?

Answer 10

hepatocytes then cannaliculi then hepatic ducts

central veins- hepatic veins

Question 11

what are the 4 functions of hepatocytes ?

Answer 11

bile synthesis

nutrient storage

nutrient interconversion

detoxification

Question 12

what are the 6 components of bile ?

Answer 12

bile acids
lecithin
cholesterol
bile pigment
toxic metals
bicarbonate secreted by duct cells

Question 13

what creates bile pigments ?

Answer 13

breakdown products if haemoglobin from old/damaged erythrocytes (billirubin)

Question 14

how is yellow bile produced ?

Answer 14

bilirubin extracted from blood by hepatocytes and secreted into bile

Question 15

how is brown faeces produced ?

Answer 15

bilirubin modified by bacterial enzymes

Question 16

how is yellow urine produced ?

Answer 16

reabsorbed bilirubin excreted in urine

Question 17

what do bile acids conjugate with to create bile salts ?

Answer 17

glycine and taurine

Question 18

how is bile salts recyled ?

Answer 18

liver- bile duct- duodenum- ileum- hepatic portal vein- liver

Question 19

what are bile acids synthesised from ?

Answer 19

cholesterol (0.5g/day)

Question 20

what are the 3 layers of the gallbladder ?

Answer 20

rugae mucosa
muscularis (smooth muscle)
serosa

Question 21

how many times does the gallbladder concentrate bile ?

Answer 21

5-20

Question 22

how does CCK control bile secretion ?

Answer 22

causes the sphincter of oddi to relax and gallbladder to contract which discharges bile into the duodenum

CCK also increases pancreatic enzyme secretion