Liver, pancreas and spleen

Question 1

Position of spleen?

Answer 1

Large flat cap mushroom against diaphragm adhacent to ribs 9,10 and 1 1 on left and posteriorly

1 inch thick, 3 inches wide, 5 inches lnch long, weighs 7oz

1,3,5,7,9,11

Question 2

Function of spleen?

Answer 2

Mechanical filtration of RBCs
Active immune response through humeral and cell mediated pathways
Haematopoiesis until 5th month of gestation
Lymphocyte proliferation

Question 3

Connections and surroudnigs of spleen

Answer 3

Connected to stomach by gastrosplenic ligament that carries the left gastro-epiploic and short gastric branches of splenic artery
Connected to post abdom wall adjacent to left kidney by splenorenal ligamanet that caries splenic artery and vein alongside tail of pancreas
Spleen forms left extremity of lesser sac

Question 4

pancreas functions and location

Answer 4

Exocrine - digestive pro-enzymes secreted by pancreatic duct to 2nd part of duodenum

Endocrine - insulin and glucagon

Lies behind stomach and lesser sac on post abdom wall

Question 5

Pancreatic duct and sphincter of oddi

Answer 5

pancreatic duct begins in tail of pancreas and joins bile duct at hepatopancreatic ampulla that opens as the major duodenal papilla in second part of duodenum

Sphincter of oddi has 3 components - 1 around end of pancreatic duct , 1 around end of bile duct and 1 around combined ducts

Question 6

Liver

Answer 6

Largest organ in body, lies across upper abdomen, moves with position and respiration

Functions - synthesis and secretion of bile, storage of glucose/glycogen/proteins/vits and fats, detox of metabolic waste, synthesis of blood clotting and anticoag factors

Question 7

Describe functional unit of liver lobule

Answer 7

Sheets of hepatocytes radiate outwards from central vein
Sinusoids lie between sheets and carry blood from hepatic artery and portal vein
Bile flow is in opposite direction, in canaliculi between hepatocytes
The central veins converge to 3 or more hepatic veins that drain into IVC

Question 8

Surface of liver

Answer 8

Diaphragmatic surface- smooth, domed and and associated with diaphragm and ant abdom wall with subphrenic surfaces between
Visceral surface - postero-inferior, associatd with viscera and hapatorenal space

Right lobe larger than left lobe