Anatomy of heart

Question 1

Which 3 vessels bring in blood into right atrium?

Answer 1

Inferior VC
Superior VC
Coronary sinus (medial to IVC)

No functional valves in adult

Question 2

Differences between anterior and posterior walls of the right atrium

Answer 2

Anterior wall trabeculated

• Musculi pectinati and crista terminalis
• Auricle

Posterior wall smooth - interatrial septum

• Fossa ovalis and limbus fossa ovalis
• Position of SAN close to the opening of the SVC, AVN on septum between opening of coronary sinus and tricuspid valve

Question 3

Describe left atrium

Answer 3

Interatrial wall smooth, possibltubular auricle, visible on left cay with a slight depression equivalent to fossa ovalis (Atrial septal defects - ASD)
Long tubular auricle, visible on left cardiac border

Question 4

Describe left ventricle

Answer 4

Walls are trabeculated - trabeculae carneae (fine and numerous)
2 papillary muscles with chordae tendineae

Inter-ventricular wall consists of membranous and muscular portions from 4 embryological origins (ventricular septal defects - VSD)

Question 5

Function of cardiac skeleton?

Answer 5

Supports valves and myocardium, electrically separates atria and ventricles, atrioventricular bundle of His should be the only conduction between them (arrhythmias)

Question 6

Describe trisuspid valve

Answer 6

Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae prevent cusp eversion (turning inside out) during systole - active competence

3 cusps - anterior, posterior and septal

• Attached to a fibrous ring which is part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart
• Closes during ventricular contraction (systole) prevents back flow to atrium

Question 7

Mitral/bicuspid valve

Answer 7

2 cusps (anterior, posterior) attached to fibrous ring which is part of skselton of heart

Active competence

Question 8

Pulmonary valve

Answer 8

Passive competence

3 cusps at root of pulmonary trunk (right, left, anterior)
Attached to a fibrous ring

Question 9

Aortic valve

Answer 9

3 semi-lunar cusps at apex of aortic vestibule (right, left, posterior - also described as coronary and non-coronary). Posterior=non-coronary

Passive competence

Question 10

What are first and second heart sounds?

Answer 10

1. Mitral valve (and triscupid) closing - ventricle contracts and forces blood upwards and backwards
   START of systole
2. Aortic valve closes (and pulmonary) - closed by pressure of blood trying to come back under elastic recoil
   END of systole

Question 11

What and where are coronary sulci or grooves?

Answer 11

Located between chambers
Coronary sulcus/atrioventricular grooves - anterior (right atrium and ventricle) and posterior (left atrium and ventricle)

Interventricular grooves (anterior and posterior)

Question 12

Describe coronary arterial supply

Answer 12

Left and right coronary arteries that lie in grooves or sulci on cardiac surface

Question 13

Describe cardiac veins

Answer 13

Most drain to coronary sinus

Great cardiac vein with LAD
Middle cardiac vein with posterior interventricular artery
Small cardiac vein with marginal artery