LIVER & METABOLISM Flashcards
what is the function of the liver?
filter blood regulate blood glucose levels metabolise medications detoxification bile drainage synthesis + storage of amino acids, proteins, vitamins and fats
what is hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver
what is hep a?
infection of the liver, caused by ingestion of food or water that is infected, very contagious.
syx: nausea, poor appetite, abdo pain, jaundics, dark urine, fatigue
can be immunised against, usually resolves itself, usually asymptomatic in children
what is albumins function?
helps maintain colloid oncotic pressure- helps fluid stay within the vascular system instead of leaking into the tissues
what is..
a. jaundice
b. gastrin
c. ghrelin
d. leptin
a. yellowing of the skin/eyes- decreased removal of bilirubin
b. stimulates secretion of gastric acid when u eat
c. ghrelin stimulates appetite, makes u hungry
d. help regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger
what is cirrhosis?
late stage scarring of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases + conditions. each time the liver is damaged it tried to repair itself = scarring. loss of hepatocytes and irreversible scarring of the liver.
s+s as cirrhosis progresses?
fatigue loss of appetite nausea oedema weigh loss jaundice itchy skin fluid accumulation in abdomen
what tests are taken to assess liver function?
ALT-alanine aminotransferase AST-aspartate aminotransferase GGT-gamma glutamyl transferase albumin bilirubin total protein
what are the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas?
ENDOCRINE: excrete insulin and glucagon to control blood glucose levels
EXOCRINE: excretes enzymes (lipase, trypsin, amylase) to break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
what is acute pancreatitis?
inflammation of the pancreas
commonly caused by heavy alcohol consumption, gall stones. causing blockage and backflow..
syx: pain in abdomen, extends to back. pain intensifies after eating, swollen/tender abdomen, looks very sick, N+V, fever, rapid pulse
investigations: US scan, CT scan, physical exam, med hx, blood test (amylase/lipase)
treatment: hospitalisation (3-5 days)- monitoring, pain control, IV fluids
what is hep b?
inflammation of the liver, acute, can become chronic and life-threatening
syx: fever, malaise, jaundice, abdo tenderness, elevated liver enzymes
transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, mother to baby
tx: interferon (drug), HBV vaccine and immunoglobin
What is the function of the gallbladder?
to store bile, and release it when stimulated.
how do gallstones form?
when bile forms solid particles (stones) in the gall bladder. the stones form when the amount of cholesterol or bilirubin in the bile is high
what is…
a. bile
b. trypsin
c.
a. bile is a digestive enzyme, made in the liver, break up fats
b. digestive enzyme, made in pancreas, breaks down protein into amino acids for absorption
what is Cholecystitis?
cholelithiasis?
inflammation of the gall bladder
cholelithiasis= gall stones
syx: severe/sudden pain, fever, shivering, severe N&V, cramping
treatment: surgery, medications
