liver - las preguntas

Question 1

Causes of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 1

Anything that causes chronic inflammation
- alcohol
- fatty liver
- haemochromatosis
- Wilson’s disease
- hepatitis virus (inflammation and DNA interactions)

Question 2

Weight loss, fatigue, fever, dark stools and pale urine.
On investigation has a raised alpha fetoprotein and raised CRP.

Likely diagnosis?

Answer 2

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 3

Causes of pancreatitis?

Answer 3

(I GET SMASHED)
Idiopathic
Gallstones
Ethanol (alcohol)
Trauma
Scorpion venom / spider bites
Mumps
Autoimmune
Steroids
Hyperlipidaemia, hypothermia, hypercalcaemia
ERCP
Drugs

Question 4

Pathophysiology of hepatitis?

Answer 4

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver.
Something causes liver injury, which leads to activation of the inflammatory response:
- infiltration of inflammatory cells and liver cell necrosis
- if this is chronic it can lead to progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis -> chronic liver disease
There are many initial causes of liver injury such as infection (bacterial/viral/parasite),
medications, alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune.