Liver, Kiddney Flashcards
Synthesis in the liver
Bile
Plasma proteins
Cholesterol
Foetal erythrocytes
Functions of the liver
Heat for core temperature Storage Detoxification Breakdown of hormones Destruction of erythrocytes Synthesis
Ultrafiltration
Filtration at the molecular level
Occurs under pressure
Barriers between the glomerulus and the lumen of the bowman’s capsule
Endothelium: allows molecules dissolved in blood plasma to pass through fernestrations
Basement membrane: mesh of collagen fibres and glycoproteins that filter molecules with an Mr over 69000
Podocytes: specialised cells with projections called major processes which causes gaps between the cells to allow the passage of filtrate
Selective reabsorption
In the nephron useful substances are reabsorbed while other excretory substances remain
Reabsorption of
Occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule
All glucose and AA
Some salts and water
Kidney failure and causes
Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Infection The kidney is unable to regulate levels of water, salts and metabolic waste in the body Can't remove excess water and salts Untreated leads to death
Treatment for kidney failure
Dialysis with a carefully monitored diet
Or a kidney transplant
Dialysis membrane
A partially permeable membrane that allows the exchange of substances between the blood and the dialysis fluid
Dialysis fluid
Fluid that contains the correct concentrations of salts water and other substances in the blood plasma
Dialysis
Removes excess water and salts and metabolic waste by passing the blood over a dialysis membrane that separates the dialysis fluid. Substances in excess diffuse down their concentration gradient.
Should be combined with a carefully monitored diet
Haemodialysis
Blood from an artery is passed into a machine that contains an artificial dialysis membrane
Heparin is added to avoid blood clotting
And bubbles are removed before the blood returns to the body
Peritoneal dialysis
The dialysis membrane is the body’s own abdominal membrane called the peritoneum
A permanent tube is implanted into the abdomen into which dialysis fluid is poured into to fill the space between the abdominal walls and organs
Advantages of kidney transplant
Free from time consuming dialysis
Diet is less limited
Physically feel better
Able to travel
Disadvantages of kidney transplant
Immunosuppressants increase susceptibility to infections
And increase fluid retention and blood pressure
Frequent check ups for rejection
Surgery under anaesthetic
Surgery risk (infection damage other organs)
