1

Question 1

Spine density

Answer 1

Biotic : disease, parasites, grazing, grazing

Abiotic: water availability, temperature
Duration and intensity Of sunlight
Minerals pH

Question 2

Spine densitys

Answer 2

Compare

Longer leaves and age

Question 3

Deer eat

Answer 3

Leaves with lower spine density
Leaving the leafed with higher where grazing happens
So the spine density is higher on the lower branching where deer graze
From chi-squared their is a statistical difference between spine densities on higher and lower.