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Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Function > Liver, Hepatobiliary, and Exocrine Pancrease System > Flashcards

Liver, Hepatobiliary, and Exocrine Pancrease System Flashcards

1
Q

Name functions of the liver

A 
Bile production
Detoxification
Nutrient Metabolism
Defense Mechanism
Plasma protein synthesis
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2
Q

What cells provide the defense mechanism of the liver

A

Kupffer cells
large macrophages remove old and defective blood cells
bacteria, and other foreign material from portal blood

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3
Q

Name facts about liver structure

A 
largest organ
located under diaphragm
4 primary lobes
essential for life
metabolic organ
large reserve capacity
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4
Q

What proteins do the liver synthesize?

A

albumin

clotting factor

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5
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
bile duct

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6
Q

What are the liver cells?

A

hepatocytes

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7
Q

What is unique about the blood supply?

A

It has a dual blood supply
Consists of a venous supply thru hepatic portal vein
and an arterial supply thru the hepatic artery

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8
Q

Where does the venous blood from the hepatic portal vein come from?

A

the digestive tract and major abdominal organs such as spleen and pancreas

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9
Q

What does the portal blood supply carry

A

nutrient and toxic materials absorbed in the intestine
blood cells and their breakdown products from the spleen
insulin and glucagon from the pancreas

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10
Q

Where does the venous outflow of blood dump?

A

inferior vena cava

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11
Q

What are the functional units of the liver?

A

lobules

hexagonal struture containing hepatocytes that radiate outward from central vein

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12
Q

At each six corners of the lobule is a

A

portal triad

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13
Q

What are leaky capillaries between the hepatic plates called

A

sinusoids

contain Kupffer cells

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14
Q

What do hepatocytes produce?

A

Bile
secreted into bile canaliculi forming bile ducts
eventually joins common bile duct that joins duodenum

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15
Q

Yellow-green alkaline solution

A

bile

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16
Q

What does bile contain?

A 
Water
Cholesterol 
Bile salts: derived from cholesterol
Bicarbonate ion:neutralize stomach acid
neutral fats
phospholipids
electrolytes
bile pigments
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17
Q

What helps emulsify fats in digestion?

A

Bile salts and phospholipids

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18
Q

What is the main bile pigment?

A

bilirubin

19
Q

How does liver remove toxic ammonia from the body?

A

It combines with CO2 to form urea

20
Q

What is the system for recirculation of bile salt?

A

Enterohepatic circulation

liver recycles bile salts

21
Q

Steps of bilirubin metabolism

A

Destruction of RBC release hemoglobin
Hg broken down to heme and globin
Globin reused from amino acids
Heme toxic
Heme then formed into unconjugated bilirubin
Transported on albumin into the hepatocytes
Then formation of Conjugated bilirubin
Conjugated is water-soluble and excreted as bile into small intestines

22
Q

What conjugates unconjugated bilirubin to conjugated?

A

glucuronic acid by the hepatocytes

23
Q

What give feces a brown color?

A

Urobilinogen

formed from conjugated bilirubin secreted by the intestinal flora (bacteria) of the small intestine

24
Q

Yellow discoloration of the skin and deep tissue

A

jaundice

25
Q

Major form of carbohydrate storage?

A

glycogen

26
Q

Where is glycogen mainly formed and stored?

A

liver

27
Q

Name for glycogen formation

A

Glycogenosis

28
Q

Name for break down of glycogen into glucose?

A

Glycogenolysis

29
Q

Name for formation of glucose from noncarb sources?

A

Gluconeogenesis

30
Q

Where does cholesterol synthesis take place?

A

liver

31
Q

Can liver metabolize cholesterol?

A

yes

32
Q

What delivers cholesterol from cells to liver

A

HDL

33
Q

What delivers cholesterol that is synthesized by the liver to the tissues?

A

LDL

34
Q

What are converted into ketones by the liver?

A

fatty acids

35
Q

What vitamins are stored in the liver?

A 
A
B12
D
K
riboflavin
nicotinamide
trace metals: iron and copper
36
Q

The liver is the principal organ of defense against what?

A

bacterial invasions

toxic agents

37
Q

Accessory digestive organ that extends across abdomen

A

pancreas

38
Q

Exocrine function of the pancreas

A

secret digestive enzymes and

bicarb ions

39
Q

Name of secretory cells of the pancreas

A

pancreatic acinar cells

40
Q

Inactive pancreatic enzymes

A

zymogens

activated in the intestines

41
Q

Protease digestive enzymes

A

trypsinogen
procarboxypeptidase
chomyotrypsinogen

42
Q

Active pancreatic enzymes

A

amylase
lipase
nuclease

43
Q

what pancreatic enzyme breaks down starch and lipases?

A

amylase

Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Function (6 decks)

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