Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Function > Hepatits > Flashcards

Hepatits Flashcards

1
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

inflammation of the liver

self-limiting or leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of hepatitis virus?

A 
malaise
muscle and joint pain
fever
n/v
diarrhea
HA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Specific symptoms of liver dysfunction

A

Jaundice
abd discomfort
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Strains of Viral Hepatitis

A

A through E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Viral hepatitis strains causing acute infection

A

A and E

Most common is A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Viral hepatitis strains causing chronic infection

A

B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute or chronic: 2-6 weeks, Hep A virus

A

Acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute or chronic: longer duration, associated with extensive liver damage and scarring, Hep B and C virus

A

Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nonviral causes of chronic hepatits

A

alcohol abuse
drug intoxication
autoimmune processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hepatitis associated with high levels serum immunoglobulins, auto-antibodies, marked elevation of gamma globulins

A

autoimmune hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hepatic failure or insufficiency that progresses from onset of hepatitis symptoms to hepatic encephalopathy within 2-3 weeks

A

acute fulminant hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name two major types of reactions involved in hepatic detoxification

A

phase 1 and phase 2

biotransformations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does phase 1 rxn involve?

A

chemical modification of reactive drug groups through oxidation,reduction,hydroxylation, or other chemical rxn
i
nvolves gene CYTOCHROME P450 to produce CYP enzyme that metabolizes drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does phase 2 rxn involve?

A

conversion of lipid-soluble derivatives to water-soluble substances-CONJUGATES
involves drug coupled with GLUTATHIONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Leading cause of liver failure in US

A

Drug-related hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common cause of drug-related liver damage

A

Acetaminophen

17
Q

Factors to liver susceptibility

A 
genetic predisposition
age
overall liver function
diet
alcohol consumption
other interacting drugs
18
Q

What does the liver use to detoxify alcohol?

A 
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)
19
Q

Name the toxic intermediate ADH and MEOS produces during detoxification

A

acetaldehyde

20
Q

How does drinking alcohol lead to accumulation of fats in the liver?

A

Oxidation reaction by ADH lead to conversion of NAD to NADH.
NAD is required for fattty acid oxidation therefore a decrease limits body’s ability to metabolize FA and results in accumulation in the liver

21
Q

Why are women more predisposed to alcohol induced liver damage?

A

Testosterone depresses ADH system (women have less)

Women produce more toxic acetaldehyde

22
Q

Name the three spectrums of alcoholic liver disease

A

fatty liver disease
alcoholic hepatitis
cirrhosis

23
Q

Accumulation of fat in hepatocytes

A

steatosis

a characteristic of fatty liver dz

24
Q

Is fatty liver dz reversible?

A

Yes, after the alcohol intake has been discontinued

25
Q

Characterized by inflammation and necrosis of liver cells caused by excessive alcohol intake

A

alcoholic hepatitis

26
Q

Cardinal sign of alcoholic hepatits

A

Rapid onset jaundice

27
Q

End result of long-term alcohol abuse

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

28
Q

Liver damage can lead to

A

portal hypertension
collateral vessels-esophageal varacies
cholestasis

29
Q

Accumulation of fat in the liver not caused by alcohol use/abuse

A

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

30
Q

Coexisting conditions frequently associated with fatty liver disease

A

Obesity
type 2 diabetes
metabolic syndrome
hyperlipidemia

31
Q

How do ketones and fatty acids contribute to NAFLD

A

they stimulate cytochrome P450 and MEOS resulting in lipid peroxidation causing hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis

32
Q

How do you diagnoses NAFLD

A

mild elevations of AST and ALT
liver ultrasound
liver biopsy

33
Q

Treatment aim for NAFLD

A 
weight loss
exercise
no alcohol
vitamin E replacement
reducing lipids in diet

Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Function (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions