Liver & GI Flashcards
Portal HTN is a gradient of more than ____ becoming clinically significant in excess of ____
6 mmHg; 10 mmHg
What can be used as a test of the synthetic function of the liver?
INR
Signs and symptoms of acute cholecystitis:
abdominal pain w/ RUQ tenderness, N/V, & fever
Mode of transmission for Hep A
fecal-oral, sewage-contaminated shellfish
Mode of transmission for Hep B
Percutaneous & sexual
Mode of transmission for Hep C
Percutaneous
Patients with _____ are at a high risk of developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. this has a very high ________
Ascites; morbidity & mortality
a procedure performed in interventional radiology in which a shunt is placed b/w the hepatic & portal veins
TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)
a symptom described as burning or discomfort behind the sternum, possibly radiating to the neck
Heartburn
the effortless return of gastric contents into the pharynx w/o the nausea or retching that would be experienced w/ vomiting
Regurgitation
How can the diagnosis of achalasia be made? what is the classic appearance?
Esophagram; “bird’s beak”
what type of induction for. achalasia?
RSI
Esophagram shows a “corkscrew esophagus” or a “rosary bead esophagus”
Distal Esophageal Spasm (DES)
What should you do with Zenker’s diverticulum
head of bed up for induction without cricoid pressure and no NG tube
Therapy for GERD:
lifestyle modifications (avoid foods that reduce LES tone); pharmacologic measures (inhibit gastric acid secretions PPI & H2 antagonists); Surgical options (lap Nissen fundoplication)
burning epigastric pain exacerbated by fasting and improved with meal consumption
peptic ulcer disease
Tx for H. pylori
H2 receptor antagonist and abxs for 4-6 weeks
Tx for ulcerative colitis
5-ASA is mainstay for mild to mod, can add glucocorticoids
2 most common signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome
flushing and diarrhea (w/ associated dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities)
What drugs should be avoided with carcinoid syndrome?
Succinylcholine, Epi, NorEpi, & Dopamine
What drug should be given in carcinoid syndrome to prevent crisis?
Octreotide 24-48 hrs before surgery
