Endocrine

Question 1

What is the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes based on?

Answer 1

Random blood glucose > 200 mg/dL & a hgb A1C > 7.0%

Question 2

What are the cornerstones of treatment for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 2

Dietary adjustments along with weight loss, exercise therapy, and oral antidiabetic drugs

Question 3

The diagnosis of _____ is made by demonstrating Whipple’s triad:

Answer 3

Insulinoma;

1. Symptoms of hypoglycemia with fasting
2. A glucose level below 50 w/ symptoms
3. Relief of symptoms with administration of glucose

Question 4

What is the single best test of thyroid hormone action at the cellular level?

Answer 4

The third generation of the TSH assay

Question 5

The cardiac responses of hyperthyroidism are d/t direct effects of ___ on the myocardium & peripheral vasculature

Answer 5

T3

Question 6

Which drugs should you give for hypotension in hypothyroidism?

Answer 6

Ephedrine, dopamine, or epinephrine. NOT Phenylephrine

Question 7

What can you give for hypotension with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 7

Phenylephrine.

AVOID ephedrine, epi, NorEpi, & dopamine

Question 8

Most pheochromocytoma secrete NorEpi in combination with a smaller amount of epi in a ratio of ______. What is it in a normal adrenal gland?

Answer 8

85:15; inverse of the secretion

Question 9

Most frequent cause of death in period after pheochromocytoma surgery

Answer 9

Hypotension

Question 10

________ is one of the few hormones essential for life

Answer 10

Cortisol

Question 11

________ transiently inhibits cortisol synthesis and should be avoided in adrenal insufficiency

Answer 11

Etomidate

Question 12

When do you check an intraoperative PTH assay on parathyroid surgery

Answer 12

Before & at 5 minute intervals after adenoma removal to confirm a rapid fall to normal

Question 13

What are the most common causes of SIADH

Answer 13

Small cell carcinoma & carcinoid tumors