Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry LEC > Liver Function > Flashcards

Liver Function Flashcards

1
Q

the liver weighs?

A

1.2-1.5kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

liver is located?

A

beneath and attached to the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

liver is protected by?

A

the lower rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

liver is held in place by?

A

ligamentous attachments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

right lobe is approx.?

A

6x larger than the left lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 types of blood supply; consists : ?

A

Hepatic Artery; 25% - oxygen-rich
Portal Vein; 75% - nutrient-rich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a chief metabolic organ

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

liver is composed of 2 cells which are?

A

Hepatocytes
Kupffer Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

it is considered as a liver macrophage

A

Kupffer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

functional unit of the liver

A

Lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Portal triad consists of:

A

hepatic artery
portal vein
bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

liver has the capacity to?

A

regenerate by cell division and hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

during Lobectomy, the patient can survive as long as only _______ is taken

A

65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Enumerate the Flow of Blood

A

Hepatic artery & Portal vein - Hepatic sinusoids - Central Canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Enumerate the Flow of Waste Products in Hepatocytes

A

Bile Canal - Intrahepatic ducts - Right or Left Hepatic ducts - Common hepatic duct - Common bile duct - duodenum of the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

example of a waste product

A

bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

5 functions of the Liver

A

Synthetic Function
Conjugated Function
Detoxification and Drug Metabolism
Excretion and Secretory Functions
Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

capable to CREATE substances

A

Synthetic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

examples of CHO

A

Glycogen & Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

examples of Lipids

A

Lipoproteins, VLDL, cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

examples of Clotting factor

A

Fibrinogen & Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Normal amount of Albumin

A

12g per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Almost all proteins are synthesised in the liver except for

A

Immunoglobulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bilirubin Metabolism

A

Conjugation Function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How many bilirubin (conjugated) is produced daily?
200-300 mg
26
Average lifespan of RBCs
120 days
27
RBCs will be phagocytosed by the ____________ which is seen either in the ________, _______, or ___________.
Macrophages ; spleen, liver or red bone marrow
28
the phagocytosed RBCs breakdown into
HEME and Globin
29
this is further metabolized into amino acids
Globin
30
inside the Heme is a
porphyrin ring and iron
31
Iron is transferred or carried to the liver through a carrier protein, known as
Transferrin
32
Fe 3+
Ferric Iron
33
storage form of iron
Ferritin
34
heme is oxidized by the enzyme; once it’s oxidized, it will become __________
heme oxygenase ; biliverdin
35
Biliverdin is reduced by the enzyme
Biliverdin Reductase
36
Once the Biliverdin undergoes reduction, it’ll become
unconjugated bilirubin
37
carrier protein of unconjugated bilirubin
Albumin
38
where will unconjugated bilirubin go?
if not in the liver, albumin will carry it to the hepatocyte
39
B1 will enter the hepatocyte through either of the 2 methods which are:
Passive Diffusion Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
40
substances found inside the Hepatocytes
Y & Z Proteins & Ligandin
41
B1 goes inside the Hepatocyte, what would happen?
Y&Z proteins will form complex with B1
42
What substance will join to Y&Z Proteins and B1 to form another complex
Ligandin
43
what happens after B1, Y&Z proteins and Ligandin will form complex?
they’ll go to the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum of the Hepatocyte
44
this is where the conjugation of B1 will take place
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum of the Hepatocyte
45
the enzyme that will conjugate B1 to B2
uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT)
46
this is present in the intestine and will convert B2 to Mesobilirubin
Intestinal bacteria
47
Intestinal Bacteria will convert B2 to?
Mesobilirubin
48
Mesobilirubin will be converted into
Mesobilirubinogen
49
Mesobilirubinogen will become
Urobilinogen
50
80% of the urobilinogen will become; which is the reason why feces is color
stercobilin; brown
51
the remaining 20% of urobilinogen will not become either
Extrahepatic circulation or Systemic Circulation
52
the urobilinogen is reabsorbed into the blood and goes either into the liver for reexcretion in the bile or the urine
extrahepatic circulation
53
urobilinogen may go to the kidney, then go to the urinary bladder
systemic circulation
54
one substance that causes the yellow coloration of the urine
Urobilin
55
primary substance that causes the yellow coloration of urine
Urochrome
56
Delta Bilirubin
B2 + Albumin
57
Formula for Total Bilirubin
B1 + B2 + Delta bilirubin
58
Formula for B1
Total bilirubin - B2
59
protects body from potentially harmful substances absorbed from GIT and toxic by-products of metabolism
detoxification and drug metabolism
60
examples of harmful substances
alcohol ammonia from the urea cycle
61
excretion of bile - bile sats, pigments, cholesterol
excretory and secretory functions
62
Bile Acids
Cholic acid - conjugated cholic acid - cholate Chenodeoxycholic acid - conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid - chenodeoxycholate
63
bile salts are formed by conjugating
glycine and taurine
64
fat soluble vitamins
A,D,E, & K
65
water soluble vitamin
B12
66
UDPGT transfers _________________ to each of the two _______________ side chains of bilirubin to form _________________
glucuronic acid propionic acid bilirubin glucuronide

Clinical Chemistry LEC (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions