Liver diseases of swine Flashcards
How many major causes of liver disease do have?
3
Regressive changes
Inflammatory changes
Parasitic infections
What is regressive changes of the liver?
Everything that is modifying the liver cells, mostly nutritional origin, but they are all resulting in an adequate function of the liver
Icterus/Jaundice is rarely, but can occur both in swine and ruminants. On mucous membrane or on the skin.
As a sign of inadequate liver function, ascites = the pressure on the caudal vena cava is resulting in fluid accumulation in the body cavity
Ascites is much more frequently than icterus/jaundice.
What are two typical signs of regressive change in the liver?
Icterus/jaundice
Ascites
Icterus/Jaundice is rarely, but can occur both in swine and ruminants. On mucous membrane or on the skin.
Ascites = the pressure on the caudal vena cava is resulting in fluid accumulation in the body cavity
Ascites is much more frequently than icterus/jaundice.
Name diseases that is due to the regressive changes in liver:
Nutritional liver dystrophy
Toxic hepatic dystrophy in suckling piglets
Fatty liver syndrome of piglets
What is Fatty liver syndrome of piglets?
Total change of the carbohydrate storage, result of a fatty infiltration of the liver. There is not a known cause, but it could be nutritional or alimentary origin.
What are the clinical signs of Fatty liver syndrome of piglets?
High mortality between 1-10 days of age
What is Toxic hepatic dystrophy in suckling piglets?
Also called iron toxicosis
After injection iron dextrane to a piglet, there will be an iron catalysed liquid peroxidation in the liver leading to bleeding.
What is Nutritional liver dystrophy?
The nutritional imbalance usually gets homogenous feed, if there is problem all the swine have it. There is less glycogen in the hepatic cells and there can be a huge number of peroxide in the feed.
The amino acids, mostly the cysteine and the methionine, are limiting factors in the feed. The pigs require huge number of microminerals in the feed, such as selenium and vitamin E
What is the clinical symptoms of Nutritional liver dystrophy?
Per acute; enlarged liver, bleeding, necrotic foci
Acute; yellow liver atrophic
Subacute; bile duct proliferation, periolobularis infiltration
Chronic; cirrhosis
Same some further changes due to Nutritional liver dystrophy
Fluid accumulation in body cavities, fibrin fibres in the Glisson capsule, Gastrointestinal content changes, heart muscle dystrophy and yellow fat disease.
What is the inflammatory changes of the liver?
Can be either bacterial of viral origin.
Most important in the viral origin, is the PCV-2 = circovirus. In swine it has an immunosuppressive effect, causing a decrease in liver function.
Bacterial hepatic disease, can be caused by septicaemia or bacteriaemia
What is parasitic infections in liver?
Can cause cysts in the liver, such as:
- echinococcus granulosus
- taenia hydatigena.
