liver and skin

Question 1

liver function

Answer 1

• detoxifies alcohol and many other dugs such as antibodies
• deactivates hormones and converts them into a from that can be excreted by kidneys
• breaks down haemoglobin from red blood cells to produce bile pigments

Question 2

deamination - purpose

Answer 2

deamination: removal of the amino group from the amino acid molecule
As long as the body has a sufficient supply of carbohydrates & fats, little proteins is used in energy-releasing reactions. Excess protein cannot be stored.
Proteins are broken down into amino acids (simplest form) and can then be rebuilt to make new proteins used for cell structures, enzymes, antibodies and many glandular secretions.
If all other energy sources are used, the body is able to metabolise proteins (break them down to produce energy). To make use of these proteins, they must undergo deamination in the liver.

Question 3

deamination: process

Answer 3

amino acid + oxygen —-> carbohydrates + ammonia
enxymes break down the amino acid into ammonia
- ammonia is extremely soluble in water + highly toxic to cells, so cells convert ammonia to urea, a less toxic molecule
energy + Co2 + ammonia —> urea + water
- carbohydrates are broken down into co2, energy and water
- urea is still toxic in large amounts and must be excreted through urine

Question 4

the skin

Answer 4

contains sweat glands
- a duct carries swear to hair follicle or to pore, cells surrounding the gland are able to contract and squeeze the sweat to skin surface