liver and infectious diseases

Question 1

name 4 dental impacts of liver disease

Answer 1

impaired wound healing

impaired clotting

risk of blood borne viruses e.g. Hepatitis

drug prescribing due to impaired drug metabolism

Question 2

what is the main function of the liver?

Answer 2

metabolism including of drugs

Question 3

what are the causes of acute liver disease? 2

Answer 3

hepatitis
drug induced liver injury - antibiotics and NSAIDs

Question 4

what is another name from chronic liver disease?

Answer 4

cirrhosis

Question 5

what is cirrhosis?

Answer 5

occurs when the liver has been repeatedly damaged over a long period of time so it is trying to regenerate

Question 6

what are the causes of chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) 4

Answer 6

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD

alcohol

chronic viral hepatitis - B and C

others

Question 7

what is jaundice?

Answer 7

yellowing of the skin due to too much bilirubin caused liver disease

increased production of bilirubin and failure of excretion

Question 8

what is hyperbilirubinemia and its cause

Answer 8

too much bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced when red blood cells break down and it normally gets filtered out the blood stream by the liver

Question 9

what is the normal range for bilirubin?

Answer 9

<17

Question 10

when is bilirubin clinically detectable?

Answer 10

> 40

Question 11

name 3 liver function tests (not true liver function tests)

Answer 11

ALT/AST

alkaline phosphatase ALP

GGT

Question 12

what does ALT/AST liver function test show

Answer 12

marker of liver damage

Question 13

what does alkaline phosphatase ALP levier function test show?

Answer 13

enzyme higher in obstructive jaundice

Question 14

what does GGT liver function test show?

Answer 14

enzyme higher in obstructive jaundice

Question 15

name 3 TRUE liver function tests

Answer 15

bilirubin

albumin

prothrombin time

Question 16

what does bilirubin liver function test show?

Answer 16

if elevated signs that the liver isn’t excreting properly

Question 17

what does albumin liver function test show?

Answer 17

signs of failure of synthesis

Question 18

what does prothrombin time liver function test show?

Answer 18

prolonged prothrombin time shows the liver isn’t producing the proteins needed to clot.

Question 19

remember

the liver makes procoagulant and anticoagulant factors. in liver disease these sets of proteins are reduced so buffering is reduced

small insult can cause a lot of bleeding

can also get blood clots

Question 20

is hep A blood borne?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

Hep a effect and treatment

Answer 21

acute illness
pt recovers spontaneously

Question 22

is hep B blood borne

Answer 22

yes - blood, sex, mother to child

Question 23

treatment of Hep B

Answer 23

cure with alpha interferon (30%)

suppression of viral replication - tenofovir and entecavir

Question 24

is Hep C blood borne?

Answer 24

yes - blood, sex, mother to child

Question 25

is there a vaccine for Hep C

Answer 25

no

Question 26

treatment for Hep C 3

Answer 26

NS3/4A protease inhibitors

NS5A inhibitors

NS5B polymerase inhibitors

Question 27

is Hep D blood borne

Answer 27

yes but can only cause infection in the presence of Hep B

Question 28

is Hep E blood borne

Answer 28

not blood borne