Dermatology Flashcards
what is the difference between the presentation of acne and rosacea?
no comodones in rosacea - black/whiteheads
what is the management of rosacea?
avoid triggers -> spicy food, alcohol, stress, temperature change, sunlight
what is the presentation of peri oral dermatitis?
Itchy red papules around the eyes, mouth and nose
how is peri oral dermatitis treated?
oral antibiotics
what makes oral dermatitis worse?
steroids
how do bacterial skin infections tend to present?
pussy, oozy crusty
what is imphetigo caused by 2
streptococci and staphylococci and is contagious
how is impetigo treated?
antibiotics - topical if localised and systemically well
what is a furunculosis/boil caused by
Pustular infection (S.aureus) of the hair follicle
what is a furunculosis/boil associated with?
diabetes
what should u check for if a pt has a furunculosis/boil
nasal streptococcal carrier - if so then nasal antibiotics
what is erysipelas?
Superficial form of cellulitis usually on one side of the body
what is erysipelas caused by?
Group A beta haemolytic streptococcus
what is the presentation of erysipelas?
Spreading red edge -> sharp line of demarcation
systemic symptoms
how is erysipelas treated?
systemic antibiotics
what is the general presentation of fungal infections
Red, dry and scaly
name two fungal skin infections
dermatophyte - tinea
candida
what is the presentation of candida?
white colour
what pt are at increased susceptibility of candida?
diabetics - likes sugar
what is the general presentation of viral skin infections?
tiny blisters
what is the cause of viral warts?
HPV
how are viral warts treated?
May resolve spontaneously or require cryotherapy
what is the cause of Molluscum contagiosum
DNA pox virus
how are Molluscum contagiosum treated?
will resolve on their own but take a while
herpes simplex can be triggered by what?
UV light
what is shingles caused by?
reactivation of chicken pox
how is shingles treated?
oral antivirals
is hand foot and mouth disease caused by bacteria, fungus or virus?
hand foot and mouth disease
what is eczema caused by?
genetics
name 3 types of eczema
atopic
contact dermatitis
seborrhoeic
what is contact dermatitis?
Inflammation of the skin caused by contact with something in the environment
who can get irritant contact dermatitis?
We can all get e.g. washing hands 100 times
how is allergic contact dermatitis investigated?
patch testing
name a dentally relevant example of allergic contact dermatitis?
Lichenoid reaction - allergy to metal filling
what causes Seborrhoeic?
yeast overgrowth
what areas of the skin are affected by seborrhoeic?
Affects areas of the skin with lots of oil glands
how is eczema treated?
avoid irritants, moisturisers, steroids, UVL, immunosuppressives
compare the presentation of psoriasis to eczema
More flaky than eczema and has a clear outline
compare psoriasis to fungal infections
- Bilateral where as fungal infections are unilateral
lichen Planus appearance in the mouth
White lacy appearance in the mouth
what is pemphigus vulgaris?
Immune system attacks connections that hold skin together in the epidermis
how is pemphigus vulgars treated?
immunosuppression
how does erythema multiforme present?
Target lesion - bullseye pattern rings
what is the presentation of orofacial granulomatosis?
Soft tissues in the mouth, lips and face to swell
what is the presentation of peutz jegher syndrome
Polyps in the GI tract and dark spots on the skin
risk factors for skin cancer 6
Excessive sun exposure and sunbed use
Multiple sunburns
Skin type
Immunosuppression
Personal and family history
Number of moles
basal cell carcinoma (cancer) is usually due to?
sun exposure
do basal cell carcinoma metastasise?
no
what is the difference between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma?
squamous cell carcinoma grow faster and are tender
name 2 precursors for squamous cell carcinoma (cancer)
actinic keratosis
Bowen’s disease
what is the most concerning cancer by prognosis if not caught early?
melanoma
how do u separate melanomas from benign lesions?
ABCDE
- Asymmetry
- Border irregularity
- Colour variation
- Diameter >6mm
- Evolving/elevated
