Liver and glucose homeostasis

Question 1

What are some functions of the liver?

Answer 1

Deaminates surplus AA, Stores Glycogen,
synthesises ketone bodies as fuel
synthesises fatty acids from glucose

Question 2

What are the 3 main bodily fuels

Answer 2

Glucose, long-chain fatty acids and AA

Question 3

What are the 3 main energy stores in the body

Answer 3

Proteins, glycogen and TAG

Question 4

What organ is most vulnerable to hypoglycaemia and why

Answer 4

The brain as they cant store glucose in large quantities and they cant metabolism anything other but glucose and ketone bodies.

Question 5

What are some ways of decreasing blood glucose

Answer 5

glycolysis, glycogen and fat synthesis, diet

Question 6

What are some ways of increasing blood glucose

Answer 6

Gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, diet

Question 7

How does Insulin decrease blood glucose

Answer 7

It stimulates glucose entry into cells via facilitated diffusion via GLUTS

Question 8

how many types of GLUTS are there and where is each one found

Answer 8

5 GLUTS, GLUT-1 (many tissues around the body)
GLUT-2 (liver, pancreatic B cells)
GLUT-3 (brain) GLUT-4(skeletal muscle and adipose tissue- insulin sensitive) GLUT-5 (SI, fructose transporter)

Question 9

How does GLUT 4 transport work

Answer 9

When Insulin isn’t present GLUT-4 is inside the cell but when insulin binds to the plasma membrane there is a cascade of reactions that translocate GLUT-4 to the membrane where it can now facilitate the uptake of glucose.

Question 10

What are the longer-lasting effects of insulin

Answer 10

increased liver enzymes that synthesise glycogen

increase adipocyte enzymes that synthesis TAG