Anatomy of the biliary tract, pancreas and spleen Flashcards
outline bile production
made by the hepatocytes into the canaliculi that cover the entire liver which leads to small ducts that lead to larger ducts
describe the biliary tree
segmental ducts of the left liver form the left hepatic duct,
sectoral ducts of the right liver (larger) form the right hepatic ducts that exit the liver via porta hepatis as the common hepatic duct that turns into the common bile duct and enters the duodenum
At what point does the common hepatic duct become the common bile duct
when the cystic duct of the gall bladder joins it becomes the common bile duct.
describe the anatomy of the bile duct
the duct wall is made of dense fibrous connective tissue it also contains smooth muscle cells, the lumen remains highly columnar epithelium. gets blood from the cystic arteries
where is the gall bladder located
the gall bladder is lodged in a fossa on the visceral surface, right lobe of the liver, found between the inferior border of the liver, anteriorly.
describe the gross anatomy of the gall bladder
the gall bladder is divided into the fundus, body and neck. the wall is made of simple columnar epithelium and underlying smooth muscle.
outline the mechanism of gallbladder emptying
contraction of the stomach, fatty foods into the duodenum, CCK released, sphincter of Oddi relaxed and bile enters to emulsify fats.
describe the gross anatomy of the pancreas
divided into the head, body and tail
state some functions of the pancreas
acts as an exocrine and endocrine gland, acini produce digestive enzymes and the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon.
outline the process of exocrine secretions of the pancreas
the secretions are collected into small ducts which unite to form one main pancreatic duct called wirsung,
wirsung joins the common bile duct to become the ampulla of vater
VAN of the pancreas
Arteries: splenic
veins: pancreatic veins
nerves: coeliac ganglia and vagus.
state 2 pancreatic diseases and outline their causes
inflammation (pancreatitis): gallstones, heavy alcohol intake, cystic fibrosis.
pancreatic cancer: obstructive jaundice, heavy alcohol intake, smoking, genetics
Describe the anatomy of the spleen
The spleen is not functionally associated with the GI system but with the lymphatic system.
the largest single mass of lymphoid tissue
located in the left hypochondriac region of the abdomen.
describe the gross anatomy of the spleen
the spleen can be described as oval in shape, pliable to touch, outer covering made of connective tissue while the inner portion contains lymphatic tissue and blood vessels.
what can increase gall stone development and what does it cause
can be due to low bile salts, excessive cholesterol
biliary colic is felt as crampy in the right upper abdominal region that comes and goes repeatedly
