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Gross II Exam 3 > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What is jaundice?

A
  • yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes
  • due to the release of bilirubin
  • often due to liver damage
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2
Q

Describe the liver.

A
  • largest visceral organ

- largest gland in the body

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3
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A
  • bile secretion
  • metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
  • storage of glycogen, vitamins, and iron
  • detoxificaton - alcohol, drugs, natural toxins
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4
Q

What are the surfaces of the liver?

A
  • diaphragmatic surface: superior and convex; separated from the visceral surface by a sharp, inferior border
  • visceral surface: inferior and concave
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5
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

the hilum of the liver

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6
Q

What does the porta hepatis contain?

A
  • common hepatic duct (to the right and anterior)
  • hepatic artery proper (to the left and anterior)
  • portal vein (behind)
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7
Q

What does the bile duct form the anterior border of? What structure does it become prior to passing through the porta hepatis?

A
  • omental foramen

- common hepatic duct

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8
Q

What are the anatomical lobes of the liver?

A
  • right lobe
  • quadrate lobe
  • caudate lobe
  • left lobe
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9
Q

Describe the right lobe of the liver.

A
  • the gallbladder lies in a fossa on its visceral surface (anteriorly)
  • the inferior vena cava lies posterior to the gallbladder
  • largest and thickest lobe
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10
Q

Describe the quadrate lobe.

A
  • lies between the right and left lobes, anterior to the porta hepatis
  • gallbladder is immediately to the right of it
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11
Q

Describe the caudate lobe.

A

lies between the right and left lobes, posterior to the porta hepatis

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12
Q

Describe the left lobe of the liver.

A
  • to the left of the falciform ligament

- smaller and flatter than the right lobe

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13
Q

Describe the functional halves of the liver.

A
  • the anatomical lobes are used for descriptive purposes; they do not correspond to the actual functional units of the liver
  • a functional division through the liver would be made to the right of the falciform ligament; the division would be made forward from the inferior vena cava through the gallbladder
  • this division divides the liver into right and left halves of nearly equal weight
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14
Q

What are the hepatic segments for each functional half of the liver?

A
  • Hepatic segments I-IV in the left functional half

- Hepatic segments V-VIII in the right functional half

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15
Q

What structures distribute to the right and left functional halves of the liver?

A
  • hepatic artery (left and right branches)
  • portal vein (left and right branches)
  • common hepatic duct (left and right hepatic ducts)
  • hepatic veins (left and right tributaries)
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16
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A
  • the liver is covered with visceral peritoneum except at the bare area, located on the posterior aspect of the diaphragmatic surface
  • the liver maintains contact with the diaphragm at the bare area
  • the inferior vena cava lies within the bare area
17
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A
  • connects the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall
  • broad, sheet-like, double layer of peritoneum
18
Q

What is the coronary ligament?

A
  • as the falciform ligament passes posteriorly along the diaphragmatic surface of the liver, its two layers split to become the coronary ligament
  • the coronary ligament forms the borders of the bare area, and reflects onto the diaphragm
  • it consists of a superior (anterior) and inferior (posterior) layer
19
Q

What are the right and left triangular ligaments?

A
  • formed at the junction of the superior and inferior layers of the coronary ligament on each side
  • thicker and tougher
20
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

forms the free edge of the falciform ligament and is the remnant of the obliterated umbilical vein

21
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum?

A
  • located between the left and caudate lobes

- the remnant of the ductus venosus

22
Q

What is the ligament of the inferior vena cava?

A

covers the inferior vena cava within the bare area

23
Q

What are the fissures of the liver?

A
  • fissure for the ligamentum teres: between the left lobe and quadrate lobe
  • fissure for the ligamentum venosum: between the left lobe and the caudate lobe
  • fossa for the gallbladder: between the right lobe and the quadrate lobe
  • fissure for the inferior vena cava: between the right lobe and the caudate lobe
  • porta hepatis: forms the crossbar of the H
24
Q

What shape do the fissures of the liver form?

A

a capital H

25
Q

What is the blood supply to the liver?

A
  • the liver receives a dual blood supply:
    1. portal vein: 75-80%, deoxygenated, nutrient-rich, and carries toxins
    2. hepatic artery: 20-25%, oxygenated
26
Q

What is the innervation of the liver?

A

autonomic and pain fibers from the hepatic plexus, which is an extension of the celiac plexus

Gross II Exam 3 (22 decks)

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