Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sys Path > Liver 3 (test 1) > Flashcards

Liver 3 (test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 primary functions of the liver

A
  • Detoxification
  • Production of plasma proteins
  • Excretion of bile
  • Energy metabolism
  • Surveillance of blood
  • Maintenance water and salt balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the liver can regenerate up to ____% of the liver

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a very common manifestation in chronic hepatic Dz

A

Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T or F

Although fibrosis can be progressive, it does not disrupt or impede normal flow of blood.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What will be the functional effect of collagen filling the space of Disse?

A

it will limit the access of hepatocytes to plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define hepatocellular capillarization, and what is the consequence?

A

it is when the sinusodial fenestrations are lost, and the transfer of macromolecules between the hepatocytes and the blood is impaired

the consequence is that the ability of the liver to carry out its synthetic, catabolic, ane excretory roles is compromised .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define periportal (centroacinar) fibrosis

A

fibrosis on and around portal tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define centrilobular (periacinar/cardiac) fibrosis

A

fibrosis centered on the centrilobular areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is periportal fibrosis a secondary or primary injury?

A

secondary to injury to targeting the biliary tree

  • chronic infection
  • chronic toxic injury (phosphorous)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some examples of periportal fibrosis?

A
  • chronic infections
  • chronic toxic injury

*remember that periportal fibrosis is an injury targeting the biliary tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define bridging fibrosis

A

fibrosis bridging portal tracts and/or centrilobular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define biliary fibrosis

A

this is not as common, but it is when fibrosis is centered on the bile ducts them selves, as opposed to periportal fibrosis that surrounds it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define hepatitis

A

inflammation of the the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define cholagiohepatitis

A

inflammation that involves both hepatocytes and bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 3 paterns of hepatocellular degeneration of necrosis

A
  1. random necrosis
  2. zonal necrosis
  3. massive necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the 4 types of zonal necrosis

A
  1. centrilobular 2. midzonal 3. periportal 4. bridging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the most common type of zonal necrosis? and what are some examples of this type of injury

A

centrilobular common injury is hypoxic or toxic damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 2 main reasons for centrilobular hepatic necrosis

A

this area has the highest concentration of drug metabolizing enzymes hypoxia area ( this is the area most susceptible to injury)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define omphalophlebitis:

A

ascending infection causing an abscess, infection and inflammation of the umbilical veins

21
Q

What is the pathology for general rumenitis?

A

1) Ruminal acidosis (esp. feedlot cattle due to grain fed)
2) Damaged mucosal barrier
3) Bacterial penetration and access to portal blood
4) Bacterial hepatitis

22
Q

What is the most common pathogen responsible for rumenitis?

A

fusobacterium necrophorum (80-97%)

23
Q

W

hat is the worry with a liver abscess?

A

can rupture hepatic vein -> massive bacterial thrombo‐embolic event -> caudal vena cava -> lungs -> sudden fatal septic embolization (epistaxis & death)

24
Q

what is the difference between a nematode, and a trematode?

A

nematode is a parasite that migrate THROUGH the liver trematode (helminths) RESIDE in the liver

25
Q

Fasciola Hepatica is an example of a fluke that causes chronic cholangitis and bile duct obstruction. would you consider this a pathogen that lives? or migrates through the liver?

A

it actually does both, Larval flukes migrate through the liver causing hepatic necrosis tracts in which several bacterial diseases ( e.g. Bacillary Hemoglobinuria) can develop •Adult flukes (F. hepatica) reside in the bile ducts and cause chronic cholangitis and bile duct obstruction

26
Q

What is “red water Dz”? and what is the pathogenesis?

A
  • Bacillary Hemoglobinuria spores of Clostridium haemolyticum are in liver
  • •migration of liver fluke larvae causes necrosis • → anaerobic environment where spores can germinate •bacteria release potent exotoxins → causes tissue necrosis, hemolysis & hemoglobinuria
27
Q

Is a parasitic or bacterial cause more common for cholangitis?

A

Parasitic

28
Q

What is the primary consequence of cholangitis?

A

Cholestasis

29
Q

What are the tan areas on this liver?

A

Areas of Fibrosis

30
Q

What is the purpose of stellate cells?

A

They normally reside in the space of disse and in pathologic conditions the stellate cells are activated to deposit more extracellular matirix (collagen)

31
Q

What type of fibrosis is this?

A

Periportal (centroacinar) fibrosis

32
Q

What type of fibrosis is this?

A

Centrilobular (periacinar/cardiac) fibrosis

33
Q

Bile Duct hyperplasia is the result of what?

A
34
Q

Give me a morph dx. for this picture of a liver

A

Acute, moderate, multifocal necrotizing hepatitis

35
Q

What does Tyzzer’s disese normally infect?

A

The very young and immunocompromised (i.e. gerbils and FOALS)

36
Q

What is the pathogensis for tyzzer’s disease?

A

Ingestion of bacteria–>proliferate in intestine–> enteritis/enterocolitis–> access the portal circulation–> carried to the liver–>hepatic necrosis

37
Q

What is the most common cause of random necrosis?

A

Localization of microorganisms (viral, bacterial (salmonella), fungal)

38
Q

Why is the centrilobularnecrosis the most common distribution of zonal necrosis?

A
  1. centrilobular hepatocytes contiain most of the drug metabolizing enzymes
  2. Hypoxia: area of lowest oxygenation
39
Q

Define Massive Necrosis

A

It is Necrosis that involves the entire lobule, not the entire liver

40
Q

If an animals survives something causing massive necrosis what would you see?

A

Rarely–>if an animal survives–>post-necrotic scarring + nodular regeneration=Cirrhosis (although cirrhosis is rarely caused by a single incident of injury)

41
Q

What is a toxin that can result in actue massive necrosis we discussed class?

A

Blue green algae toxicity

42
Q

Grossly, what might you see with a bacterial infection on liver? In otherwords what lesions would you see?

A

Gross lesions=WHITE randomly distrubted spots through the sinusoids

43
Q

A random distribution of lesions is most compatible with what cause?

A

Infectious cause

44
Q

Give me a morph. Dx:

A

Hepatic Necrosis, Actue, Multifocal, Severe

(necrobacillosis secondary to ulcerative rumenitis)

45
Q
A
46
Q

The adenovirus causes what in dogs?

A

Infectious Canine Hepatitis

47
Q

What is the #2 cause of icterus in cats?

A

Lymphocytic Cholangitis

48
Q

Write a Morph dx. for this Liver: Also what is another name for the fibrous areas?

A

Fibrous tissue suggest what?

Chronic, Multifocal, Severe, sclerosing cholangitis

Another name: “Pipestem Bile Ducts”

Sys Path (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions