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Sys Path > Intestine 4 (test 1) > Flashcards

Intestine 4 (test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Enjoy this lovely chart for MORPHS!

A
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2
Q

T or F

Sometimes the morphologic diagnosis is the disease diagnosis.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What are some examples of morphs dx. that are the disease dx?

A

Lymphangiectasisa (dilation of lymphatic vessels)

Neoplasms: Intestinal adenocarcinoma

Diffuse Alimentary lymphoma

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4
Q

What diarrhea causing pathogen is this?

A

Coccidiosis

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5
Q

What diarrhea causing pathogen does this look like?

A

Cryptosporidiosis

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6
Q

What diarrhea causing pathogen does this sound like?

A

Giardiasis

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7
Q

What diarrhea causing pathogen is this?

A

Johne’s Disease

Mycobacterium Avium subsp. Paratuberculosis

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8
Q

What disease does this look like?

A

IBD: inflammatory bowel disease

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9
Q

What disease would you guess this is based off this profile?

A

Diffuse Alimentary Lymphoma

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10
Q

What disease does this profile sound like?

A

Lymphangiectasia

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11
Q

What disease does this look like?

Note: no microscopic changes

A

SIBO-SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH

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12
Q

Tenesmus is usually apart of what kind of Diarrhea?

A

Large bowel diarrhea

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13
Q

Where is the diarrhea coming from based on these signs?

A

SMALL INTESTINE

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14
Q

Where is the diarrhea coming from?

A

Large Intestine

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15
Q

Can the large intestine compensate for small intestine lesions when it comes to diarrhea?

A

YES

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16
Q

What species has a great capacity to compensate for small intestinal lesions by increasing the fluid absorption in the Large intestine?

A

HORSES

17
Q

How do you overwhelm the large intestine’s ability to compensate for fluid loss?

A
  1. An overwhelming increase in the quantity of digesta: volume must be large enough to exceed the reserve capacity of the large intestine to absorb fluid, electrolytes (RARE)
  2. A qualitative change in digesta: can alter functional abilities of the LI. (Dietary change–> change in intestinal flora–>increased lactate production–>decreased colonic pH–>decreased absorptive capability

3. Disease that causes a decreased absorptive capacity: infiltrative disease (IBD, Johne’s, lymphoma)

  1. Reduced fecal transit time: stimulation of peristalsis by mechanical irritation or other factors=change in motility mechanism of diarrhea
18
Q

If you have proximal obstruction, what signs or consequences would you see?

A

Reflux of fluid into the stomach–>VOMITING, less distention

NO vomiting in horses, Dehydration

19
Q

If you have a distal obstruction, what signs or consequences would you see?

A

Large quantities of fluid are sequestered; electrolyte loss, Dehydration is usually less severe

20
Q

What is a PROMINENT sign of obstruction in the GI?

A

Abdominal pain (colic)

-stimulation of receptors in the mesentery, peritoneum and intestinal wall

21
Q

What can persistent/severe distension lead too?

A

–>mucosal damage and decreased bloodflow–>ISCHEMIA, loss of mucosal barrier

22
Q

What is a simple obstruction of the GI?

A

Occlusion at a single point–>interference with passage of ingesta

  1. distension: proximal to the obstruction, ingested fluid, digestive secretions, intestinal gas
  2. Loss of fluid and elctrolytes: vomiting and/or sequestration
  3. Bacterial overgrowth within the distended segment
23
Q

What could cause a simple obstruction? give specific examples of it.

A

Foreign Body: enteroloth, trichobezoar, ingesta, parasites

Neoplasia: Adenocarcinoma, intestinal lymphoma-especially focal, leiomyoma

Stricture/stenosis

Congenital: atresia coli/ani (occlusion/stenosis or segmental absence) (atresia=absence of a segment or abnormally narrow segment)

Acquired-a result of healing following injury

-salmonellosis in pigs–>rectal stricture

24
Q

Where are common sites for simple obstruction?

A

Ileocecal junction, pylorus

Horse: transverse colon, base of cecum, pelvic flexure

25
Q

Name some Closed loop obstructions

A

Hernias, Internal entrapments(mesenteric tears, nephrosplenic ligament (horse), mesenteric lipoma (horse)), Displacements (LDA)

26
Q

Define a Closed loop obsturction

A

It is a segment of intestine that is isolated by occulsion at two points

  • distension proximal to within loop
  • reduced bloodflow, tension damage to loop
  • overgrowth of bacteria–>absorption of toxins

MOST damage is due to distension

27
Q

What is the main cause of damage in a closed loop obstruction?

A

Distension

28
Q

What is a very important result of closed loop obstruction with strangulation?

A

Closed loop obstruction + severely disrupted bloodflow–> ischemia

Obstruction of thin-walled veins but not arteries

  • affected bowel becomes congested
  • gut wall becomes devitalized–> absorption of bacterial toxins through damaged mucosa–>shock/peritonities
29
Q

Describe the lesion you would see with closed loop obstructions with strangulation

A

Lesions:

  • sharply demarcated
  • dark red/blue (congestion/hemorrhage)
  • edema
  • hemorrhagic luminal contents
  • friable intestinal wall
30
Q

List some examples of closed loop obstructions with stangulation:

A

Examples:

  • intestinal torsion/volvulus
  • hernia
  • internal entrapment
  • intussusception- a segment of intestine (intussusceptum) telescopes within the directly distal segment (intussusceptiens)
31
Q

What is an organism that causes arterial thromboembolisms in Horses?

A

Strongylus vulgarus

32
Q

What can be the result of strongylus vulgaris larval migration?

A

Arterial damage as a result of the larvae–> arteries–> formation of thromboemboli–> thromboembolic showering of vessels of the large intestine–>blood supply to the intestine is obstructed due to thromboemboli–>ischemia–>necrosis

33
Q

If you are suspecting a parasite infection in a horse, upon necropsy, where should you always look???

A

The CRANIAL mesenteric Artery

why?

L4 larvae migrate through and within the vessel walls–> verminious arteritis

Sys Path (17 decks)

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