Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology II Exam II > Liver 1 > Flashcards

Liver 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In the classic hexagonal concept of the liver, what represents the center?

A

Central vein, surrounding is the portal triads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false, most liver diseases affect each lobule so even a small biopsy can tell you what is happening in the entire liver?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the forms of intrahepatic biliary disease?

A
  • primary biliary cirrhosis

- primary sclerosing cholangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What systemic viral infections cause hepatitis? [4]

A

CMV, EBV, HSV, Adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How high are the transaminases in acute liver damage? What can severe cases lead to?

A
  • > 1000

- fulminant hepatic necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the steps to cirrhosis in chronic diseases?

A

inflammation–> necrosis–> fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common cause of acute/fulminant hepatic necrosis in the US population?

A

acetaminophen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Does hepatitis A B or C have an acute/fulminant symptoms?

A

A and B and (sometime/rarely) C

Remember that A does not form chronic disease, but B and C do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Being itchy all over can be a sign of liver disease, but severe itchiness is very characteristic of what liver disease?

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

With jaundice, what other color changes can we see (3)?

A

yellow mucous membranes, pale stool, dark urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hemolysis and genetic problems with conjugation lead to what type of elevated bilirubin?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What leads to elevated levels of both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin?

A

Liver damage- cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Elevated outflow obstruction of bile leads to what type of elevated bilirubin?

A

conjugated bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main thing the liver detoxifies?

A

ammonia from breakdown of protein in ingested food or blood

so elevated ammonia means the liver is failing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two main biliary enzymes?

A

alk phos

GGT (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When are alk phos or GGT elevated?

A

PBC
PSC
Adverse drugs
Obstruction of biliary tree

17
Q

ALT and AST elevation occurs because of what basic thing in hepatocytes?

A

necrosis-(death and damage)

18
Q

Review other important tests to measure besides ALT, AST, ALK phos, and GGT

A 
Viral serologies 
Autoimmune serologies
Glucose, HgbA1c, lipids
iron
ceruloplasmin
alpha1-antitrypsin
19
Q

What biliary disease is related to AMA serology?

A

PBC

20
Q

What biliary disease is UC anca associated with?

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

21
Q

What are the signs of acute disease with viral A, B or the occasional C?

A

malaise, fatigue, jaundice
>1000 transaminases
- lasts several weeks

22
Q

What percentage of HBV goes on to chronic viral hepatitis?

A

less than 10%

23
Q

What percentage of HCV goes on to chronic viral hepatitis?

A

75%

24
Q

Is HBV or HCV often transmitted with sexual contact? what about vertical transmission?

A
  1. HBV

2. HBV- very common in underprivileged countries

25
Q

IS HCV and HBV fecal oral like hep A?

A

No- mostly parenteral

26
Q

Is there a vaccine for hep C?

A

no

27
Q

Is Hep C or Hep B more of a problem in US?

A

HEp C,

Hep B is a huge global problem

28
Q

What is the histological hallmark for Hep C? Hep B?

A
  1. rounded portal lymphoid aggregates

2. Ground glass hepatocytes

29
Q

A high degree of numerous plasma cells and activity is strongly suggestive of?

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

30
Q

What sex predominates autoimmune hepatitis?

A

female 70-75%

31
Q

True or false- we see hypergammaglobulinemia in autoimmune hepatitis ?

A

True

32
Q

Is ANA or ASMA more specific in autoimmune hepatitis?

A

ASMA

33
Q

T-F- Hep A histology often mimics autoimmune hepatitis?

A

True- plasma cells prominent

34
Q

True or false- hep A screen is only positive if IgG is present?

A

False- IgM

35
Q

Why is an adverse drug reaction not found on our huge algorithm chart?

A

can mimic virtually anything, a mixed picture that doesn’t fit with anything can often clue that a drug reaction is causing the damage

36
Q

How do we recognize an adverse drug reaction?

A

temporal relationship

  • when was the drug started
  • when was the jaundice or abnormal test noted
37
Q

when does acetaminophen toxicity occur?

A

hours to a few days. other idiosyncratic reactions can typically take 2 to 10 weeks (75% are less than 4 months)

38
Q

T-F– herbal reactions can account for liver injury?

A

True- so if they say no medications but started a new herb etc.

Pay Attention!!

Pathology II Exam II (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions