LITERATURE Flashcards by Allyssamae Antonio

Q

It came from the Latin word “literatura,”
which means “writing formed with
letters.

A. Literatura
B. Poem
C.Literature
D. Short Story

A

Literature

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Q

in its broadest sense, is any
written work, although some definitions
include spoken or sung texts.

A. Literatura
B. Poem
C.Literature
D. Short Story

A

Literature

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Q

It is writing that possesses literary and
artistic merit.

A. Literatura
B. Poem
C.Literature
D. Short Story

A

Literature

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Q

a Filipino writer and literary critic. He is a professor emeritus (means retired professor) and a member of the Academic Publications Executive Publisher at the De La Salle University.

A. Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola
B. Dr. Isagani R. Cruz
C.Dr. Francesco Petrarch
D. Dr. Milagros Tanlayco

A

Dr. Isagani R. Cruz

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Q

He once said that “literature is one way to view reality.

A. Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola
B. Dr. Isagani R. Cruz
C.Dr. Francesco Petrarch
D. Dr. Milagros Tanlayco

A

Dr. Isagani R. Cruz

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Q

a guru of literature from the Philippine
Normal University

A. Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola
B. Dr. Isagani R. Cruz
C.Dr. Francesco Petrarch
D. Dr. Milagros Tanlayco

A

Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola

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Q

It is said that no one becomes a
literature major unless they have
experienced his classroom

A. Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola
B. Dr. Isagani R. Cruz
C.Dr. Francesco Petrarch
D. Dr. Milagros Tanlayco

A

Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola

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Q

He is a prolific writer, lecturer, and to his
students, he is a literature personified.

A. Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola
B. Dr. Isagani R. Cruz
C.Dr. Francesco Petrarch
D. Dr. Milagros Tanlayco

A

. Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola

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Q

a literature professor who was conferred the title professor emerita at the University of Santo Tomas

A. Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola
B. Dr. Isagani R. Cruz
C.Dr. Francesco Petrarch
D. Dr. Milagros Tanlayco

A

Dr. Milagros Tanlayco

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Q

Who once said that “literature is the record, oral and written, of man’s thoughts, man’s experiences, man’s values in language that is beautiful, presented in a manner that is unforgettable. Literature is the record of life; it is the record of the human soul; it is the record of man.

A. Dr. Venancio L. Mendiola
B. Dr. Isagani R. Cruz
C.Dr. Francesco Petrarch
D. Dr. Milagros Tanlayco

A

Dr. Milagros Tanlayco

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Q

ROLES OF LITERATURE

A

-To entertain and give pleasure to the reader
-To educate and heighten the awareness of the reader
-Communication
-Shaping the aesthetic taste

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Q

two main classifications of literature.

A

prose and poetry

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Q

2 TYPES OF PROSE

A

Fiction and nonfiction

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Q

a literary work that is wholly or partly imagined or theoretical. It is created from the imagination, not presented as fact, although it maybe a true story or situation.

A.Short story
B.Non-Fiction
C.Fable
D.Fiction

A

Fiction

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Q

prose that recounts a true story, provides information, or gives a factual account of something. This can also be called “informational” material. It provides information that is factual. Nothing is “make-believe” in these types of materials.

A.Short story
B.Non-Fiction
C.Fable
D.Fiction

A

Non-Fiction

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Q

it is a fictitious narrative that deals with animals and inanimate objects who speak and act like humans. Its purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that can mold their ways and attitudes

A.Short story
B.Non-Fiction
C.Fable
D.Fiction

A

Fable

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Q

it is a brief fictional prose narrative that is shorter than a novel and that usually deals with only a few characters. The _________is usually concerned with a single effect conveyed in only one or a few significant episodes or scenes. It usually encompasses of less than 7,500 words but can be limited to as less than 500 words.

A.Short story
B.Non-Fiction
C.Fable
D.Fiction

A

.Short story

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Q

a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and which is typically published as a book. It has a very complicated plot and quite a number of characters. This is usually written with over 40,000 words.

A.Novel
B. Biography
C. History
D. Autobiography

A

Novel

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Q

a true account of a person’s life written, composed, or produced by another person.

A.Novel
B. Biography
C. History
D. Autobiography

A

Biography

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Q

– the biography of a person’s life story written by that same person.

A.Novel
B. Biography
C. History
D. Autobiography

A

Autobiography

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Q

a chronological record of events and developments that happened in the past.

A.Novel
B. Biography
C. History
D. Autobiography

A

History

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Q

a printed publication consisting of folded unstapled sheets and containing news, feature articles, advertisements, and correspondence about current events.

A. Textbook
B. Newspaper
C.History
D. Manual

A

Newspaper

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Q

– a book used as a standard reference for the study of a particular subject.

A. Textbook
B. Newspaper
C.History
D. Manual

A

. Textbook

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Q

– a book of instructions or guides, especially for operating a machine or gadgets

A. Textbook
B. Newspaper
C.History
D. Manual

A

Manual

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EXAMPLES OF NON-FICTION

1.Biography 2.autobiography 3.History 4.newspaper 5.Textbook 6.Manual

EXAMPLES OF FICTION

1.Fable 2.Short story 3.Novel

TYPES OF POETRY

1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

this type of poetry focuses on the beauty and simplicity found in nature. It has a three-line stanza with a 5/7/5 syllable count. It is a disciplined form of poetry that has its origins in 17th century Japanese poetry. 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Haiku

Usually, the words and phrases used in a _________ do not rhyme. 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Haiku

word ________ is derived from an Italian word “sonetto,” which means “a little sound or song.” 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Sonnet

It is a one-stanza, 14-line poem, written in iambic pentameter and with a strict rhyme scheme. 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Sonnet

It is a popular classical form of poetry that has compelled poets for centuries. 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Sonnet

it came from the Greek word “elegeia” which means “to lament.” 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Elegy

is a poem of serious reflection, especially one mourning the loss of someone who died. ________ are defined by their subject matter (death), and do not have to follow any specific form in terms of meter, rhyme, or structure. 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Elegy

it is a serious and lengthy reflective poem that conveys the speaker’s sentiments about a person, place, thing, or an idea. 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Ode

is an elaborate poem praising or glorifying an event, individual, or idea describing the subjects intellectually as well as emotionally. 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Ode

1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

It is exalted in tone and formal in structure and content. 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Ode

it is exactly what its name implies. There are no rules and writers can do whatever they choose: to rhyme or not and to have a total number of syllables in a line or not. _________ is often used in contemporary poetry. 1.Haiku 2. Sonnet 3. Elegy 4. Ode 5. Free verse

Free verse

was the most famous poet in Japan during the Edo (now Tokyo) period, which is from 1603 to 1868. A. Francesco Petrarch B. Matsuo Basho C. William Shakespeare D. Giacomo da Lentini

Matsuo Basho

He greatly enriched the 17-syllable haiku form and made it an accepted medium of artistic expression. A. Francesco Petrarch B. Matsuo Basho C. William Shakespeare D. Giacomo da Lentini

Matsuo Basho

He greatly enriched the 17-syllable haiku form and made it an accepted medium of artistic expression. A. Francesco Petrarch B. Matsuo Basho C. William Shakespeare D. Giacomo da Lentini

Matsuo Basho

a lyrical poet of the fourteenth century in Italy. A. Francesco Petrarch B. Matsuo Basho C. William Shakespeare D. Giacomo da Lentini

Francesco Petrarch

the commonly credited originator of the sonnet is _______________, who composed poetry in the literary Sicilian dialect in the thirteenth century. A. Francesco Petrarch B. Matsuo Basho C. William Shakespeare D. Giacomo da Lentini

Giacomo da Lentini

_____________ who was considered the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s greatest dramatist. A. Francesco Petrarch B. Matsuo Basho C. William Shakespeare D. Giacomo da Lentini

William Shakespeare

it is a series of lines that are grouped together and separated from other groups of lines or _______ by a skipped line. A. Sonnet B. Haiku C. Stanza D. Lines

Stanza

✓2 lines are called a _____

couplet

✓3 lines are called a __________

tercet

4 lines are called a _________

quatrain

✓5 lines are called a ___________

cinquain

6 lines are called a _________

sestet

✓7 lines are called a __________

septet

✓8 lines are called an ______

octave

It contains of fourteen lines of poetry. The lines are divided into two sections, an eight-line stanza (called an octave) and six-line stanza (called a sestet). A. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET B. LAMBIC PENTAMETER C. PETRARCHAN SONNET D.DE LENTINI SONNET

PETRARCHAN SONNET

The first stanza (octave) poses a question, and the second stanza (sestet) answers the question posed. A. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET B. LAMBIC PENTAMETER C. PETRARCHAN SONNET D.DE LENTINI SONNET

PETRARCHAN SONNET

A _____________ is made up of fourteen lines. The fourteen lines are divided into four subgroups or stanzas. A. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET B. LAMBIC PENTAMETER C. PETRARCHAN SONNET D.DE LENTINI SONNET

SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET

The first three stanzas have four lines each (known as quatrains). They follow the rhyme scheme ABAB, CDCD, and EFEF, where the first- and third-lines rhyme with each other while the second and fourth lines do rhyme, too. A. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET B. LAMBIC PENTAMETER C. PETRARCHAN SONNET D.DE LENTINI SONNET

SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET

The sonnet then concludes with a two-line stanza (known as a couplet). These two lines rhyme with each other. Their rhyme scheme is GG. A. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET B. LAMBIC PENTAMETER C. PETRARCHAN SONNET D.DE LENTINI SONNET

SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET

is a rhythm structure, used most commonly in poetry, that combines unstressed syllables and stressed syllables in groups of five. A. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET B. LAMBIC PENTAMETER C. PETRARCHAN SONNET D.DE LENTINI SONNET

LAMBIC PENTAMETER

the last poem by Edgar Allan Poe, a famous American writer, wrote before his death in 1849. A. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN B. ANNABEL LEE C. O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! D.A SUMMER’S DAY

ANNABEL LEE

The poem is about a young man and a young woman who fall in love with each other. Their love is so pure that angels envy them and kill the young woman out of spite A. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN B. ANNABEL LEE C. O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! D.A SUMMER’S DAY

ANNABEL LEE

- is one of the most famous works of an American writer, Walt Whitman. A. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN B. ANNABEL LEE C. O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! D.A SUMMER’S DAY

O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!

It was written shortly after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, and the end of the U.S. Civil War. A. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN B. ANNABEL LEE C. O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! D.A SUMMER’S DAY

O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!

Whitman wrote this in response to President Lincoln's death. A. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN B. ANNABEL LEE C. O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! D.A SUMMER’S DAY

O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!

- is one of the famous works written by an English poet, John Keats. A. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN B. ANNABEL LEE C. O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! D.A SUMMER’S DAY

ODE ON A GRECIAN URN

This poem attempts to engage with the beauty of art and nature by addressing a piece of pottery from ancient Greece. A. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN B. ANNABEL LEE C. O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! D.A SUMMER’S DAY

. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN

Keats wrote this poem to glorify the engravings beautifully depicted on the pot that were said to be colorful representations of the past and the people in that time. A. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN B. ANNABEL LEE C. O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! D.A SUMMER’S DAY

ODE ON A GRECIAN URN

a literature that is meant to be acted out A. drama B. essay C. short story D.Poem

drama

a story acted out, usually on a stage, by actors and actresses who take the parts of specific characters. A. drama B. essay C. short story D.Poem

drama

is a short academic composition. A. drama B. essay C. short story D.Poem

essay

is a piece of non-fiction writing that talks or discusses a specific topic. A. drama B. essay C. short story D.Poem

essay

_______ is a short piece of writing that describes, clarifies, argues, or analyzes a particular subject. A. drama B. essay C. short story D.Poem

essay

like sandwiches or burgers are divided into different parts. A. drama B. essay C. short story D.Poem

essay

a brief narrative containing characters, a simple plot, and a conflict which leads to a climax and swift conclusion. A. drama B. essay C. short story D.Poem

short story

shorter than a novel and that usually deals with only a few characters. A. drama B. essay C. short story D.Poem

short story

TYPES OF DRAMA

- 1.Farce 2. Melodrama 3. Comedy 4. Tragedy

written with the intent to be acted out on stage or in film. They are meant to engage the audience with embellished, exaggerated, and wildly unlikely situations. It incorporates a lot of physical humor; which just means that they use their bodies in a ridiculous way for laughs. A.Farce B. Melodrama C. Comedy D. Tragedy

Farce

tragic dramas use darker themes, such as pain and death. Protagonists often have a tragic flaw and a characteristic that leads them to their downfall. A ______ is designed to evoke feelings of pity and/or fear in an audience. A.Farce B. Melodrama C. Comedy D. Tragedy

. Tragedy

lighter in tone than ordinary works and provides a happy conclusion. The intention of dramatists in ______ is to make their audience laugh. Hence, they use quaint circumstances, unusual characters, and witty remarks. A.Farce B. Melodrama C. Comedy D. Tragedy

Comedy

specifically written to attack the emotions. ____________ place a heavy focus on the plot rather than the character themselves. Oftentimes, you will see __________ in operas. A.Farce B. Melodrama C. Comedy D. Tragedy

Melodrama

PARTS OF AN ESSAY

Introduction Body Conclusion

it is the main part of the essay. It is where you put your opinions, reasons, facts, examples and supporting details. A.Reference B.Introduction C.Body D.Conclusion

Body

the __________ paragraph accomplishes a couple of purposes: -It captures the reader’s interest. ✓It tells the reader what you are writing about through your thesis statement. ✓It suggests the importance or relevance of the essay’s topic. A.Reference B.Introduction C.Body D.Conclusion

Introduction

the __________ paragraph usually restates the thesis and leaves the reader something about the topic to think about. It is where the summary of points and ending remarks are found. A.Reference B.Introduction C.Body D.Conclusion

.Conclusion

TYPES OF ESSAY

1.Descriptive Essay 2. Persuasive Essay 3. Analytical Essay 4. Argumentative Essay

describes something to make readers feel, smell, see, taste, or hear what is described. A.Descriptive Essay B. Persuasive Essay C. Analytical Essay D. Argumentative Essay

.Descriptive Essay

– it is meant to present arguments in the favor of something. A.Descriptive Essay B. Persuasive Essay C. Analytical Essay D. Argumentative Essay

Argumentative Essay

it is used to analyze something, such as in literature an analytical essay analyzes a piece of literature from different angles. A.Descriptive Essay B. Persuasive Essay C. Analytical Essay D. Argumentative Essay

Analytical Essay

is meant to convince the target audience to do something or not to do something. A.Descriptive Essay B. Persuasive Essay C. Analytical Essay D. Argumentative Essay

Persuasive Essay

these are the people, animals, things in the plot of a story. They are the ones acting or saying the lines in a literature. A.Characters B. Setting C. Theme D. Conflict E.Plot

Characters

it refers to the time, the geographical location, the general environment, and circumstances that prevail in the narrative. The _______ helps to establish the mood of the story. A.Characters B. Setting C. Theme D. Conflict E.Plot

Setting

it is the main problem the protagonist is trying to solve. It is something troubling or bad that has happened in the story. _________ are usually resolved at the end of the story. A.Characters B. Setting C. Theme D. Conflict E.Plot

Conflict

– it is the main, central, and underlying idea in a piece of literature. It is usually a broad realization about life. It is woven subtly into the fabric of the story rather than being lectured or preached by the author. A.Characters B. Setting C. Theme D. Conflict E.Plot

Theme

– it is a series of interconnected events in which every occurrence has a specific purpose. A ________ is all about establishing connections, suggesting causes, and showing relationships that make up a narrative. A.Characters B. Setting C. Theme D. Conflict E.Plot

Plot

this is also known as the hero. This is the main character whom we usually sympathize with. __________ are usually the good guys. A. Antagonist B. Flat Characters C.Protagonists D. Round Characters

Protagonists

they are also known as the dynamic characters. ____________have more fully developed personalities. We expect the protagonist and antagonist to be rounded individuals who express a range of emotions and change throughout the narrative, usually towards greater maturity. A. Antagonist B. Flat Characters C.Protagonists D. Round Characters

Round Characters

they are also known as stock or static characters. ________ have no depth and no change; we only see one side or aspect of them. Most supporting characters are portrayed in this way, for example, a strict teacher, a helpful policeman, and an evil stepmother. A. Antagonist B. Flat Characters C.Protagonists D. Round Characters

Flat Characters

this is also known as the villain. This is the figure who opposes the protagonist and creates the conflict. A. Antagonist B. Flat Characters C.Protagonists D. Round Characters

. Antagonist

the setting is fully described in both time and place. It is usually found in historical fiction. A. Setting B. Conflict Setting C.Integral Setting D. Backdrop Settings

Integral Setting

the setting is vague and general, which helps to convey a universal, timeless tale. This type of setting is often found in folktales. For example, a long time ago in a cottage in the deep woods and once upon a time there was a great land that had an Emperor. A. Setting B. Conflict Setting C.Integral Setting D. Backdrop Settings

Backdrop Settings

this is also known as denouement. The _________ occurs after the falling action, and it is typically where the story ends. A.Introduction/Exposition B. Falling Action C. Climax D. Resolution E. Rising Action

Resolution

- this is also known as the exposition where you must introduce the setting, background of the story, and the characters. A.Introduction B. Falling Action C. Climax D. Resolution/Denouement E. Rising Action

Introduction/Exposition

it is a series of significant incidents that produce suspense, interest, and tension in a narrative. In literary works, a _________includes all decisions, characters’ flaws, and background situations that together create turns and twists that lead up to the climax. A.Introduction/Exposition B. Falling Action C. Climax D. Resolution/Denouement E. Rising Action

Rising Action

- it is often identified as the highest point of interest in a story. At this point, the conflict is at the highest point of tension. A.Introduction/Exposition B. Falling Action C. Climax D. Resolution/Denouement E. Rising Action

Climax

- it happens right after the climax, when the main problem of the story is solved. The ____________ends the short story, resolves the unanswered situations, and leads toward the closure. A.Introduction/Exposition B. Falling Action C. Climax D. Resolution/Denouement E. Rising Action

Falling Action