Literacy Flashcards
What are 11 things that children must learn to do before they are fluent writers?
- hold and control the pen
- Correctly form the shape of letters, both upper and lower case
- Join up the writing (cursive writing)
- Select appropriate words
- Spell them using correct grapheme combinations
- Space words appropriately in the line/page
- Understand and apply principles of sentence construction
- Understand and apply the correct punctuation
- Plan sufficiently far ahead to construct coherent sentences and text
- Learn and use the different forms of genres
- Reading back to correct their own work
What is cursive handwriting?
Joined up handwriting
What is an ascender
A grapheme where the upwards part of a letter exceeds the mean line of font such as l and k.
What is a descender?
A grapheme which has a portion of the letter going below the baseline, such as p and j.
What are Joan Rothery’s categories of genre?
Observation/comment, recount, report and narrative
What are the features of observation/comment?
The writer makes an observation and will follow this with an evaluative comment or combines the two. “I saw a tiger” “It was very large” “I saw a very large tiger”.
What are features of recounts?
- Generally a chronological sequence of events. For example children are often asked to write a follow-up activity to a school trip.
- It is written subjectively.
- The structure of a recount follows the pattern, ORIENTATION, EVENT, REORIENTATION.
What are features of reports?
A factual and objective description of events and doesn’t tend to be chronological.
What are features of narratives?
A story genre which sets the scene for events to occur. It has a set pattern, ORIENTATION – COMPLICATION – RESOLUTION – CODA.
Due to the structural complexity few children will achieve the whole structure early on even though they have read stories with this narrative structure.
What are homophones?
Words that sound the same but are spelt differently.
According to Gentry, what is semi-phonetic spelling?
When children can link graphemes and phonemes, and use this to write words, but their knowledge is incomplete
e.g. allowed=ald, girls = giz, eagle = E
According to Gentry, what is phonetic spelling?
When children understand that all phonemes can be represented by graphemes so their words become more complete but are spelled phonetically
e.g. boys=baz, picture=pichr, hope=hop
According to Gentry, what is transitional spelling?
When children combine phonic knowledge with visual memory. This is when they have an awareness of combinations of letters and letters patterns, such as the trigraph igh, the magic ‘e’ rule and the split digraph. They will often overcomplicate spelling at this stage.
E.g. bank=bangk, soup=supe, little=littel.
According to Gentry, what is conventional spelling?
When children can spell most words correctly.
In spelling, what is overgeneralisation of spelling rules?
When a spelling rule is used where it is not appropriate e.g. cloke instead of cloak (shows awareness of split digraph o_e)
