LIT2 - Kantorowicz, J. (2020). Causality in Research Design.

Question 1

What is reverse causality? (Kantorowicz)

Answer 1

Reverse causality implies that by looking at the relationship between two variables
(say, X and Y), one is not able to discern what the direction of the causal channel is; is it X–>Y or X<–Y or maybe both?

Question 2

What is the Omitted Variable (Kantorowicz)

Answer 2

The omitted variable bias stems from the fact that the observed relationship between X
and Y might be induced by a third variable Z, which causes both X and Y.

Question 3

What are the types of experiments to make a causal statement wherby an variable of interest is assigned randomly to subjects under investigations (Kantorowicz)

Answer 3

1. Incentivized Experiments (Monetary Compensation)
2. Survey Experiments
3. Natural Experiments