Listening to Music Quiz 2

Question 1

rhythm components

Answer 1

beat - strong vs. weak
tempo - speed of the beat
meter
rubato - tempo flexibility
ostinato - repeated rhythmic figure
rhythmic motif - repeated throughout piece
silence
syncopation - putting emphasis off of the normal beat
polyrhythm - multiple superimposed over one another

Question 2

melody components

Answer 2

prominent vs. not
short vs. long
plain vs. ornamented
imitation - figure
sequence - form of imitation where pitch changes in one direction (123, 234, 345)
key - scales (major vs. minor)
repetition/contrast - blues form (AAB)

Question 3

melisma

Answer 3

taking a long note and ornamenting it

Question 4

harmony components

Answer 4

consonance vs. dissonance

chords - major/minor, “tone clusters”

Question 5

texture

Answer 5

describes the overall complexity of the sound of a piece

Question 6

texture examples

Answer 6

thick/thin

types: monophonic, polyphonic, homophonic

Question 7

monophonic

Answer 7

one part, one voice at a time - Gregorian Chant

Question 8

polyphonic

Answer 8

many voices, each with approximately the same importance

Question 9

homophonic

Answer 9

melody with other voices that act as an accompaniment

Question 10

stringed instruments

Answer 10

violin
-pizzicato
viola
cello
bass

Question 11

woodwinds

Answer 11

flute/piccolo
oboe
bassoon
clarinet

Question 12

brass

Answer 12

trumpet
trombone
french horn
tuba

Question 13

percussion

Answer 13

pitched vs. non-pitched

pitched: marimba, xylophone, chimes, timpani

Question 14

history of symphony orchestra

Answer 14

pre-1600: chamber music: 2-8, instruments not specified
1600 Venice, St. Mark’s Basilica: Giovanni Gabrieli
-antiphonal music - instruments in different areas
1607 Claudio Monteverdi: 1st stable instrumentation for opera Orveo
1650-1670 northern Italy: string instruments begin to become perfected into modern form
1700 Vivaldi: begins writing concertos
-virtuosity –> development of instruments
late 1700s: court orchestras lead to development of similar instrumentation
1780-1809 Haydn: wrote over 100 major pieces over these years
-phased out the harpsichord
1770-1827 Beethoven
-expands orchestra
1830s: instrument improvements
-brass: valves
1832 Boehm: develops fingering system for woodwind instruments
1830s-1900: orchestras become constantly larger
1900: orchestras begin to shrink