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Listening (Auscultation) Flashcards

1
Q

Auscultation (definition)

A

It means listening to the patient’s voice, breathing, coughing, vomiting, belching, sneezing, and language

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2
Q

Auscultation

Clinical Signifigance:

A

Listening to the sounds and changes in the voice and breathing can help identify the thermal nature of the pathogens, and the excessive or deficient state of the antipathogenic qi.

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3
Q

Auscultation

Sound: Loud volume, strong force

Indication:

A

Auscultation

Sound: Loud volume, strong force

Indication: Heat, excess

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4
Q

Auscultation

Sound: Soft volume, weak force

Indication:

A

Auscultation

Sound: Soft volume, weak force

Indication: Cold, deficiency

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5
Q

Auscultation

Scope of Listening (list aspects)

A

Speech and Breathing

Abnormal Sounds

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6
Q

Auscultation

Scope of Listening- Speech and Breathing

A

This means listening to:

Volume (loud or soft)
Strength (strong or weak)
Clarity (clear or turbid)
Rate (rapid or slow)

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7
Q

Auscultation

Scope of Listening- Abnormal Sounds

A

ex. Coughing or vomiting

Pathological changes in the zang fu organs

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8
Q

Vocal Sounds - Zang Fu Relationships

Closest Organs Related to Vocalization (list)

A

Lung, Kidney

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9
Q

Vocal Sounds - Lung

Nickname:

Vocal Function:

A

Vocal Sounds - Lung

Nickname: Gateway of the Voice

Vocal Function: Governs the qi. Larynx and vocal
cords are part of the lung system and directly involved in the production of sound.

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10
Q

Vocal Sounds - Kidney

Nickname:

Vocal Function:

A

Vocal Sounds - Kidney

Nickname: Root of the Voice

Vocal Function: the root of source qi (yuán qì); controls the reception of qi. The volume of the voice
is directly related to the function of the Kidney.

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11
Q

Vocal Sounds - Stomach and Spleen

Nickname:

Vocal Function:

A

Vocal Sounds - Stomach and Spleen

Nickname: Strength of the Voice

Vocal Function: the acquired root of the qi.

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12
Q

Vocal Sounds - Clinical Significance

Voice Sound: Loud Volume

Indication:

A

Vocal Sounds - Clinical Significance

Voice Sound: Loud Volume

Indication: Heat, excess

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13
Q

Vocal Sounds - Clinical Significance

Voice Sound: Low Volume, Vague

Indication:

A

Vocal Sounds - Clinical Significance

Voice Sound: Low Volume, Vague

Indication: Exterior wind cold, dampness invasion

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14
Q

Vocal Sounds - Clinical Significance

Voice Sound: Low Volume

Indication:

A

Vocal Sounds - Clinical Significance

Voice Sound: Low Volume

Indication: Cold, deficiency

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15
Q

Vocal Sounds

Hoarseness (define):

A

Vocal Sounds

Hoarseness (define): voice and cough lose their clear
and smooth qualities

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16
Q

Vocal Sounds - Hoarseness

Description: Sudden onset, voice is low in pitch and raspy

Symptom:

Indication:

A

Vocal Sounds - Hoarseness

Description: Sudden onset, voice is low in pitch and raspy

Symptom: Chills and fever, sore or itchy throat, cough, floating pulse

Indication: exterior syndrome

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17
Q

Vocal Sounds - Hoarseness

Description: Chronic, with gradually increasing intensity

Symptom:

Indication:

A

Vocal Sounds - Hoarseness

Description: Chronic, with gradually increasing intensity

Symptom: Dry and sore throat, mass or nodule on neck, dry mouth without desire to drink, purple tongue

Indication: Blood stagnation

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18
Q

Vocal Sounds - Hoarseness

Description: Hoarseness with plum-pit sensation coughing

Symptom:

Indication:

A

Vocal Sounds - Hoarseness

Description: Hoarseness with plum-pit sensation coughing

Symptom: cough with thick yellow phlegm, severe sore throat or plum pit sensation, fever red tongue with slippery rapid pulse

Indication: phlegm heat

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19
Q

Vocal Sounds - Hoarseness

Description: Chronic onset, gradually increasing intensity, worse in evening

Symptom:

Indication:

A

Vocal Sounds - Hoarseness

Description: Chronic onset, gradually increasing intensity, worse in evening

Symptom: dry itchy throat with slight soreness, night sweats, dry cough without phlegm, thready pulse

Indication: Lung and kidney yin deficiency

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20
Q

Vocal Sounds

Aphonia (define):

A

Vocal Sounds

Aphonia (define): a condition in which one is unable to produce vocal sounds, also called “loss of voice”

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21
Q

Vocal Sounds

Aphonia (general classifications):

A

Tongue disorder- aphonia due to lack of free tongue movement. The voice is normal and can produce sound. This is not true aphonia

Throat disorder- the tongue movement is normal, but vocal sounds cannot be produced

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22
Q

Vocal Sounds - Aphonia

Classification: Tongue Disorder (Wind Stroke)

Indications:

Prognosis:

A

Vocal Sounds - Aphonia

Classification: Tongue Disorder (Wind Stroke)

Indications: Exogenous or Endogenous Pathogen

Prognosis: –

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23
Q

Vocal Sounds - Aphonia

Classification: Throat Disorder (Acute)

Indications:

Prognosis:

A

Vocal Sounds - Aphonia

Classification: Throat Disorder (Acute)

Indications: Exopathogenic Factor

Prognosis: Curable

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24
Q

Vocal Sounds - Aphonia

Classification: Throat Disorder (Chronic)

Indications:

Prognosis:

A

Vocal Sounds - Aphonia

Classification: Throat Disorder (Chronic)

Indications: Endopathogenic Factor

Prognosis: Difficult to Cure

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25
Vocal Sounds - Aphonia Classification: Throat Disorder (Remark) Indications: Prognosis:
Vocal Sounds - Aphonia Classification: Throat Disorder (Remark) Indications: Pregnancy Aphonia - temporary condition Prognosis: --
26
Speech Organ most directly related to speech
Heart Speech is the voice of the heart; the heart controls speech
27
Pathological Speech - Dysarthria Define:
Difficult, poorly articulated speech, difficult to understand, e.g., slurring
28
Pathological Speech - Aphasia Define:
Impaired expression or comprehension of written or spoken language
29
Pathological Speech - Dysarthria Etiology: Pathogenesis
Pathological Speech - Dysarthria Etiology: disorder of the tongue Pathogenesis: pathological changes of the spirit
30
Pathological Speech - Aphasia Etiology: Pathogenesis
Pathological Speech - Aphasia Etiology: disorder of the tongue Pathogenesis: pathological changes of the spirit
31
Pathological Speech - Variations Speech: Taciturn (silent or dislike of speaking) Indication:
Pathological Speech - Variations Speech: Taciturn (silent or dislike of speaking) Indication: Cold, deficiency
32
Pathological Speech - Variations Speech: Persistent talking Indication:
Pathological Speech - Variations Speech: Persistent talking Indication: Excess, heat
33
Pathological Speech - Abnormal Speech Categories (list):
Indistinct Speech | Incoherent Speech
34
Pathological Speech - Indistinct Speech Definition: Pathogenesis: Indications:
Pathological Speech - Indistinct Speech Definition: broken speech, a hard, inflexible tongue, or slurred speech with unclear words and a soft voice which makes it difficult to be understood Pathogenesis: tongue body lacks nourishment due to wind-phlegm or blood stasis obstructing the channels and collaterals of the tongue, or there is an insufficiency of body fluids. Indications: wind-phlegm or blood stasis obstructing the channels and collaterals; yin impairment due to febrile disease
35
Pathological Speech - Incoherent Speech Definition: Pathogenesis: Indications:
Pathological Speech - Incoherent Speech Definition: speech that is unable to express or convey thought. It is spoken without thinking and cannot be controlled. It is often found in a patient who also displays abnormal mental behavior (Spirit disturbance), unclear consciousness, or loss of consciousness. Pathogenesis: failure of the Heart to store the Spirit. Indications: Lack of Spirit, or Spirit been disturbed
36
Classified Abnormal Speech List:
``` Raving (kuáng yán) Muttering (diän yû) Soliloquies (dú yû) Wrong speech (cuò yû) Delirium (zhän yû) Faint murmuring (zhèng shëng) ```
37
Respiration Description:
Process by which the human body exchanges turbid qi (zhuó qì) for clear qi (qïng qì) through the act of exhalation and inhalation. Respiration exchanges and renews qi to ensure the proper functioning of all the body’s physiological processes, which require qi.
38
Pathological Respiration Definition: Pathogenesis: Indications:
Pathological Respiration Definition: Abnormal respiration is the external manifestation of pathological changes in the Lung. Respiration changes in rate, rhythm, smoothness, strength, and sound quality (clear or turbid) Pathogenesis: Exopathogens obstruct the Lung qi; Lung and Kidney qi deficiency Indications: --
39
Pathological Respiration Clinical Significance:
Listening to the sound of respiration can help identify the thermal nature (hot or cold) of the pathogens and the excessive or deficient nature of the antipathogenic qi.
40
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Loud, Harsh, Rapid Indications:
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Loud, Harsh, Rapid Indications: Heat Excess
41
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Weak, Deep, Slow Indications:
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Weak, Deep, Slow Indications: Cold, Deficiency
42
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Deep Breathing Indications:
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Deep Breathing Indications: Excess qi in the Heart and Lung
43
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Weak Breathing Indications:
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Weak Breathing Indications: Deficiency of both the Liver and Kidney
44
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Rough Respiration with Rapid Exhalation and Slow Inhalation Indications:
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Rough Respiration with Rapid Exhalation and Slow Inhalation Indications: Heat, excess, exogenous disease due to excessive pathogen
45
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Faint Respiration with Slow Exhalation and Inhalation Indications:
Pathological Respiration Respiration Sound: Faint Respiration with Slow Exhalation and Inhalation Indications: Deficiency, chronic endogenous disease
46
Abnormal Respiration List:
``` Asthma Wheezing Upper stifling breath Shortness of breath Shortage of qi ```
47
Abnormal Respiration - Asthma Define: Pathogenesis:
Abnormal Respiration - Asthma Define: also called “panting,” respiration is difficult, short, and rapid. There is a sense of tightness, congestion, breathlessness, or constriction in the chest with difficulty inhaling. In severe cases, the patient gasps for breath with his mouth open, lifting his shoulders and flaring his nostrils to assist in respiration. During an attack, the patient is unable to lie flat. Pathogenesis: Lung qi failure to descend
48
Abnormal Respiration - Asthma Acute Onset Symptom: Indication:
Abnormal Respiration - Asthma Acute Onset Symptom: deep and long breathing, relieved by exhalation; harsh and loud sound of breath. Patient prefers supine position when laying down, protruding eyes, accompanied with cough and phlegm, strong body movements and breathing, forceful pulse Indication: Excess
49
Abnormal Respiration - Asthma Chronic and Gradual Onset Symptom: Indication:
Abnormal Respiration - Asthma Chronic and Gradual Onset Symptom: short, shallow, and difficult breathing, relieved by inhalation; soft and weak voice, induced or aggravated by exertion Indication: Deficiency
50
Abnormal Respiration - Wheezing Define: Pathogenesis:
Abnormal Respiration - Wheezing Define: respiration is rapid and makes a whistling sound. Recurrent attacks are likely. This condition is difficult to cure. Pathogenesis: Lung qi fails to descend, with phlegm obstruction.
51
Abnormal Respiration - Wheezing Wheezing with Rapid Respiration Symptom: Indication:
Abnormal Respiration - Wheezing Wheezing with Rapid Respiration Symptom: Loud heavy and rough sound. occurs during summer or fall, and is induced by hot and dry weather. Indication: Heat
52
Abnormal Respiration - Wheezing Wheezing with Short Inconsistent Respiration Symptom: Indication:
Abnormal Respiration - Wheezing Wheezing with Short Inconsistent Respiration Symptom: Aggravated by exertion. Occurs during winter or spring, and is induced by cold and damp weather Indication: Cold
53
Abnormal Respiration - Upper Stifling Breath Define: Pathogenesis:
Abnormal Respiration - Upper Stifling Breath Define: Respiration is rapid, exhalation more evident than inhalation, and may be accompanied by shortness of breath and edema of the face and eyes. Pathogenesis: Lung qi rises upward to the throat and obstructs the air tract.
54
Abnormal Respiration - Upper Stifling Breath Harsh, Rapid Respiration Symptom: Indication:
Abnormal Respiration - Upper Stifling Breath Harsh, Rapid Respiration Symptom: Difficult breathing with rattling sound in throat. stifling sensation in chest, relieved with exhalation or sitting, worse when lying down Indication: Excess
55
Abnormal Respiration - Upper Stifling Breath Short and Rapid Respiration Symptom: Indication:
Abnormal Respiration - Upper Stifling Breath Short and Rapid Respiration Symptom: Dry cough or phlegm that is difficult to expectorate Indication: Deficiency
56
Abnormal Respiration - Shortness of Breath Define: Pathogenesis:
Abnormal Respiration - Shortness of Breath Define: Respiration is inconstant, shallow, and rapid without sounds. It is like asthma, but without lifting the shoulders to breathe. Pathogenesis: Lung qi deficiency.
57
Abnormal Respiration - Shortness of Breath Symptom: Cough with white water sputum, stifling sensation in the chest Indication:
Abnormal Respiration - Shortness of Breath Symptom: Cough with white water sputum, stifling sensation in the chest Indication: Water retention in the chest
58
Abnormal Respiration - Shortness of Breath Symptom: Low energy, spontaneous sweating, frequent cold, teeth mark tongue Indication:
Abnormal Respiration - Shortness of Breath Symptom: Low energy, spontaneous sweating, frequent cold, teeth mark tongue Indication: Lung qi deficiency
59
Abnormal Respiration - Shortage of Qi Define: Pathogenesis:
Abnormal Respiration - Shortage of Qi Define: respiration is feeble and short. It is difficult to produce the sound required for speech, but otherwise the breathing sounds normal. Pathogenesis: antipathogenic qi insufficiency is a systemic deficiency in which all of the zang fu organs are in a state of hypofunction.
60
Abnormal Respiration - Shortage of Qi Symptom: Indication:
Abnormal Respiration - Shortage of Qi Symptom: -- Indication: antipathogenic qi insufficiency
61
Cough Define:
Cough is a common symptom arising from pathological changes of the Lung. Expelling air from the Lung suddenly and noisily keeps the respiratory passages free of irritating material (phlegm or other). Therefore, cough not only suggests pathological changes, but is also a response for self-protection.
62
Cough Pathogenesis: Clinical Significance:
Cough Pathogenesis: spasmodic contraction of the thoracic cavity causes the Lung qi to ascend, leading to a sudden closing of the glottis which produces the sound of coughing Exopathogens attack Internal organs dysfunction Lung qi and yin deficiency Clinical Significance: the sound of the cough can help one determine the cause (etiology) and thermal nature of the disease.
63
Cough Acute onset Symptom: Indication:
Cough Acute onset Symptom: harsh, coarse, or hacking, choking cough, and loud cough, daytime worse than night time Indication: Exterior
64
Cough Chronic Recurrent Onset Symptom: Indication:
Cough Chronic Recurrent Onset Symptom: chronic recurrent onset, cough with loud coarse sound, cough may worse in the morning of after meal with rattling loose sound Indication: Interior (Excess)
65
Cough Chronic Cough Symptom: Indication:
Cough Chronic Cough Symptom: feeble and weak sound, worse in the afternoon and evening Indication: Interior (Deficiency)
66
Sneezing Define:
Sneezing Define: a sneeze is an autonomic, convulsive expulsion of air from the nose and mouth. In TCM theory, sneezing is the sound caused by Lung qi suddenly flowing upward through the throat and nose. It is a clinical manifestation of yang qi that is stimulated to brace up to pathogens. Sneezing is not only a pathological change, but a response for self-protection.
67
Sneezing Pathogenesis: Clinical Significance:
Sneezing Pathogenesis: the Lung qi suddenly flows upward through the nose and throat, causes sneezing Exogenous pathogens attacking the Lung Insufficient Lung qi. Clinical Significance: the sound of the sneezing can help one assess the thermal nature of the pathogenic factor as well as the state of the antipathogenic qi. It also helps in forming a prognosis for the disease.
68
Sneezing Symptom: Acute onset, constant loud sound Indication:
Sneezing Symptom: Acute onset, constant loud sound Indication: Heat, Excess
69
Sneezing Symptom: Chronic frequent attack, soft volume Indication:
Sneezing Symptom: Chronic frequent attack, soft volume Indication: Lung qi deficiency
70
Sneezing Symptom: Sudden sneezing in critical stage of chronic illness Indication:
Sneezing Symptom: Sudden sneezing in critical stage of chronic illness Indication: yang qi recovery, improvement in disease state
71
Sneezing Symptom: Sneezing due to external stimulation Indication:
Sneezing Symptom: Sneezing due to external stimulation Indication: Normal
72
Vomiting Define:
Vomiting Define: vomiting (or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth.
73
Vomiting (Define): Vomiting: Silent Vomiting: Retching:
Vomiting (Define): Vomiting: emesis with sound and vomitus Silent Vomiting: emesis without sound but with vomitus Retching: emesis with sound but no vomitus or scanty fluid
74
Vomiting Pathogenesis: Clinical Significance:
Vomiting Pathogenesis: rebellious Stomach qi forces the Stomach contents out through the mouth. Qi, food or phlegm obstruct the Stomach Spleen and stomach deficiency Clinical Significance: the sounds accompany the vomiting can help one determine the thermal nature of the pathogen or disease, and whether it is excessive or deficient.
75
Belching Define:
Belching Define: also known as eructation, burping, or rectus. It is a normal process to relieve distention from the air that accumulates in the Stomach.
76
Belching Pathogenesis: Clinical Significance:
Belching Pathogenesis: rebellious Stomach qi makes a sound when flowing through the throat. Qi, food or phlegm obstruct the Stomach Spleen and stomach deficiency Clinical Significance: the sound of the belching can help one distinguish whether the pattern is excessive or deficient in nature.
77
Belching Symptoms: long, loud, and tight sound Indication:
Belching Symptoms: long, loud, and tight sound Indication: Excess
78
Belching Symptoms: Low volume, feeble, short sound Indication:
Belching Symptoms: Low volume, feeble, short sound Indication: Deficiency

Oriental Diagnosis (8 decks)

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