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Oriental Diagnosis > Inspection: Overview > Flashcards

Inspection: Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Inspection includes what major areas?

A 
Inspection of the whole body
Inspection of local areas
Inspection of the infant’s index finger
Inspection of excreta and secretions
Inspection of the tongue
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2
Q

Shen (Spirit)

Broad Sense:

A

Describes the total external manifestations of the life activities of the human body which are the reflections of zàng fû organ functions. This may be thought of as general vitality and can be seen in the pulse, tongue, complexion, etc.

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3
Q

Shen (Spirit)

Narrow Sense:

A

Describes mental activities, including consciousness and cognition.

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4
Q

Three Treasures (List)

A

Essence
Qi
Spirit

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5
Q

Congenital Essence (Describe)

A

Essence derived from father and mother

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6
Q

Acquired Essence (Describe)

A

Essence acquired from food

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7
Q

Qi (Describe)

A

The essential substances of the human body which maintain its vital activities

The functional activities of the zàng fû organs and other tissues.

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8
Q

Essence (Describe)

A

Essence is the original substance (source) of human life. It makes up the human body.

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9
Q

Spirit (Describe)

A

The manifestation of all life activities.

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10
Q

Observation of the Spirit (Method)

A

In order to observe Spirit, attention should put on the patient’s facial expression, mental state, physical activity, speech and breath and reactivity, etc.

Special emphasis should be put on eye movement

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11
Q

Observation of the Spirit (Importance on the Eye)

A

The eye is regarded as the orifice of the Liver

The eye is the messenger of the Heart

All the essence and qi of the five zàng and six fû organs rise and pour into the eyes.

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12
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Having Spirit (Definition)
A

The normal physiological state when the patient is full of vigor

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13
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Having Spirit (Manifestation)
A

Alert with bright and vivid eyes, clear consciousness and speech, quick responses, resonant voice, radiant complexion with natural expressions, and a freely movable and flexible body.

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14
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Having Spirit (Indication)
A

Essence has not been exhausted and the condition of the zàng fû organs has not fallen into severe disorder, even though there may be illness.

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15
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Fatigued Spirit (Definition)
A

A mild manifestation of lacking spirit. Fatigued spirit and lacking spirit differ only in degree of severity.

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16
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Fatigued Spirit (Manifestation)
A

Listlessness, lassitude, poor memory, weak and low voice, aversion to speaking, fatigue, slow and awkward actions. The main symptom of fatigued spirit is poor memory.

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17
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Having Spirit (Clinical Significance)
A

Mild illness, and the prognosis is favorable

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18
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Fatigued Spirit (Indication)
A

Deficiency pattern, usually caused by Heart /Spleen deficiency or Kidney yang deficiency.

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19
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Fatigued Spirit (Clinical Significance)
A

State of qi (excess or deficiency)

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20
Q

Lack of Spirit (Describe)

A

A pathological state wherein deficiencies or disturbances undermine the calm or fullness of the spirit,

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21
Q

Lack of Spirit (List)

A

Loss of Spirit
False Spirit
Spirit Disturbance

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22
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Spirit

Loss of Spirit (Definition)

A

Weakness of vitality, reflects an exhaustion of the essence, deficiency of qi

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23
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Spirit

Loss of Spirit (Manifestation)

A

Dull eyes, slow and awkward action, blurred vision, dull complexion and facial expression, heaviness of the body, obtuse actions and responses, mental confusion or even unconsciousness, delirium and hallucinations.

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24
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Spirit

Loss of Spirit (Indication)

A

Qi exhausted, essence declined, and the disease is severe.

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25
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Spirit

Loss of Spirit (Clinical Significance)

A

The disease is severe and the prognosis is unfavorable.

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26
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
False Spirit (Definition)
A

Patient suddenly improves during the terminal stage when the patient’s essence and qi are extremely debilitated

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27
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
False Spirit (Manifestation)
A

The extremely weak patient in a critical condition is listless, unconscious, etc. Yet the patient suddenly feels better, has clear consciousness, bright eyes, louder voice, flushed cheeks, and improved appetite.

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28
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
False Spirit (Indication)
A

Exhaustion of zheng qi and impending failure of yin and yang, in which yin fails to restrain yang, and the yang is separating from the yin.

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29
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
False Spirit (Clinical Significance)
A

Imminent death

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30
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Spirit Disturbance (Describe)
A

The spirit disturbance is also a manifestation of lack of spirit but the pathogenesis is totally different from the type caused by essence, blood, or Zheng qi exhaustion. It means that consciousness is obscured or lost. These patterns are caused by unique etiologies and pathogenesis. Although these patterns are manifestations of ‘lack of spirit,’ they are not necessarily critical conditions.

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31
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Spirit Disturbance (General Patterns)
A 
Irritability and restlessness
Restless organ disorder
Hysteria
Yin madness
Yang madness
Epilepsy
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32
Q

Having Spirit

Complexion:
Eyes:
Mental State:

A

Having Spirit

Complexion: bright hue and moist sheen

Eyes: vivid, bright, twinkling eye

Mental State: alert

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33
Q

Having Spirit

Motion & Response:
Respiration:
Diet:

A

Having Spirit

Motion & Response: moves freely, quick response

Respiration: even

Diet: good

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34
Q

Loss of Spirit

Complexion:
Eyes:
Mental State:

A

Loss of Spirit

Complexion: dim hue and dull sheen

Eyes: dull, blurred vision

Mental State: unconscious or delirium

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35
Q

Loss of Spirit

Motion & Response:
Respiration:
Diet:

A

Loss of Spirit

Motion & Response: slow movement and response

Respiration: rapid, feeble, or difficult

Diet: poor

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36
Q

False Spirit

Complexion:
Eyes:
Mental State:

A

Loss of Spirit

Complexion: dull sheen with sudden flushed cheeks

Eyes: dull color, but suddenly lustrous

Mental State: unconscious with sudden change to alert

37
Q

False Spirit

Motion & Response:
Respiration:
Diet:

A

False Spirit

Motion & Response: sudden response

Respiration: feeble but suddenly strong

Diet: poor but suddenly want to eat

38
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

Theory of Facial Complexion Diagnosis

A

Facial color is derived from yin blood and facial luster from the spirit. Complexion is the outward manifestation of the condition of the five zàng organs.

39
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

Facial color:

A

The color of the skin. Skin color is associated with blood and yin. Under pathological circumstances, it can reflect the different characteristics of the zàng fû organs and their pathological changes.

40
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

Facial sheen:

A

The luster of the skin. Skin luster is associated with qi and yang. Luster is the exterior manifestation of the essence qi of the zàng fû organs.

41
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

Definition:

A

Normal skin color refers to the facial complexion of a person in a health physical condition.

42
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

Characteristic:

A

Brightness, moisture and luster

43
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

Indication:

A

Vital qi and blood are sufficient and that the functional activity of the Zang Fu is in a good working condition

44
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

Host Complexion:

A

The color and sheen from time of birth

45
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

Guest Complexion:

A

Slight changed color and sheen follows the seasons

46
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

Transient Normal Complexion:

A

Temporary changed color and sheen due to environment or physical and emotional activities

47
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Spring

Origin:
Color:

A

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Spring

Origin: Channels

Color: Blue-green

48
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Summer

Origin:
Color:

A

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Summer

Origin: Collaterals

Color: Red

49
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Late Summer

Origin:
Color:

A

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Late Summer

Origin: Muscles

Color: Yellow

50
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Autumn

Origin:
Color:

A

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Autumn

Origin: Skin

Color: White (Pale)

51
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Winter

Origin:
Color:

A

Observation of Facial Complexion
Guest Complexion - Winter

Origin: Marrow

Color: Black (Dark)

52
Q

Observation of Facial Complexion

The Abnormal Complexion (describe)

A

Refers to the facial complexion of a sick person. It might be said that it indicates all the abnormal colors and brightness

53
Q

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Blue-Green

Season:
Pathogens:
Organs:
Indication:

A

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Blue-Green

Season: Spring

Pathogens: Wind

Organs: Liver, Gallbladder

Indication: Wind, Cold, Pain

54
Q

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Red

Season:
Pathogens:
Organs:
Indication:

A

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Red

Season: Summer

Pathogens: Heat

Organs: Heart, Small Intestine

Indication: Heat, Yang

55
Q

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Yellow

Season:
Pathogens:
Organs:
Indication:

A

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Yellow

Season: Late-summer

Pathogens: Dampness

Organs: Stomach, Spleen

Indication: Damp, Spleen Deficiency

56
Q

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Pale

Season:
Pathogens:
Organs:
Indication:

A

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Pale

Season: Autumn

Pathogens: Dryness

Organs: Lung, Large Intestine

Indication: Deficiency, Cold

57
Q

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Dark

Season:
Pathogens:
Organs:
Indication:

A

Five Colors and Indication of Disorder
Dark

Season: Winter

Pathogens: Cold

Organs: Kidney, Urinary Bladder

Indication: Cold, Water

58
Q

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Location - Deep

Description:
Indication:

A

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Location - Deep

Description: The color remain hidden inside the skin

Indication: Interior pattern

59
Q

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Location - Floating

Description:
Indication:

A

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Location - Floating

Description: Color that are visible on the skin

Indication: Exterior pattern

60
Q

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Brightness - Bright

Description:
Indication:

A

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Brightness - Bright

Description: Color that are clear and distinct

Indication: Yang pattern

61
Q

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Brightness - Dull

Description:
Indication:

A

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Brightness - Dull

Description: Color that are dark and turbid

Indication: Yin pattern

62
Q

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Thickness - Thin

Description:
Indication:

A

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Thickness - Thin

Description: Color that is shallow and light

Indication: Qi deficiency

63
Q

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Thickness - Thick

Description:
Indication:

A

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Thickness - Thick

Description: Color that is deep and thick

Indication: Excess pattern

64
Q

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Concentration - Scattered

Description:
Indication:

A

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Concentration - Scattered

Description: Dispersed or scanty

Indication: New or mild

65
Q

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Concentration - Concentrated Color

Description:
Indication:

A

Quality of the Abnormal Color
Concentration - Concentrated Color

Description: Accumulated or obstructed

Indication: Enduring, or serious disease

66
Q

Abnormal Sheen

Manifestation:

Indication:

A

Abnormal Sheen

Manifestation: Withered (perishing), dim, lusterless, and dryness.

Indication: Essence exhausted, Spiritless (lack of Shen), death and poor prognosis.

67
Q

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Inner and Outer Canthus

Wheel:
Zang Fu Organ:

A

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Inner and Outer Canthus

Wheel: Blood Wheel

Zang Fu Organ: Heart, Small Intestine

68
Q

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Sclera

Wheel:
Zang Fu Organ:

A

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Sclera

Wheel: Qi Wheel

Zang Fu Organ: Lung, Large Intestine

69
Q

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Iris

Wheel:
Zang Fu Organ:

A

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Iris

Wheel: Wind Wheel

Zang Fu Organ: Liver, Gallbladder

70
Q

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Pupil

Wheel:
Zang Fu Organ:

A

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Pupil

Wheel: Water Wheel

Zang Fu Organ: Kidney, Urinary Bladder

71
Q

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Eyelids and Surrounding Muscle

Wheel:
Zang Fu Organ:

A

Theories of Inspection of Eye
Part of the Eye - Eyelids and Surrounding Muscle

Wheel: Flesh Wheel

Zang Fu Organ: Spleen, Stomach

72
Q

Parts of Eye Inspection

List:

A

Parts of Eye Inspection

List:
Eye Spirit
Eye Color
Eye Shape
Eye Bearing
73
Q

Parts of Eye Inspection
Physiological and Pathological Eye Spirit - Having Spirit

Manifestation:
Indication:
Prognosis:

A

Parts of Eye Inspection
Physiological and Pathological Eye Spirit - Having Spirit

Manifestation: clear vision; bright and shiny luster, distinguishable iris, pupil, and sclera, flexible movement, little tear or eye secretion

Indication: Sufficient liver and kidney qi, mild illness

Prognosis: Good, curable disease

74
Q

Parts of Eye Inspection
Physiological and Pathological Eye Spirit - Loss of Spirit

Manifestation:
Indication:
Prognosis:

A

Parts of Eye Inspection
Physiological and Pathological Eye Spirit - Loss of Spirit

Manifestation: poor vision; dull luster, turbid hue in the sclera, iris and pupil borders are indistinguishable, dull luster, no tears or eye secretion

Indication: Insufficient of liver and kidney qi, severe illness

Prognosis: Poor, disease difficult to cure

75
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - Yellow

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - Yellow

Description: yellow on the sclera that may extend to the iris and pupil.

Indication: jaundice, dampness

76
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - Red

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - Red

Description: red on the inner or outer canthus, sclera; or may appear the entire eye.

Indication: heat

77
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - Blue-green

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - Blue-green

Description: blue-green on the sclera or iris.

Indication: wind, cold, pain

78
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - White

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - White

Description: white on the inner or outer canthus, the iris or pupil may also be white.

Indication: deficient

79
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - Black

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Color
Eye Color - Black

Description: black on the sclera.

Indication: water, deficiency

80
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Shape
Eye Shape - Exophthalmia (bulging eye)

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Shape
Eye Shape - Exophthalmia (bulging eye)

Description: patient’s eyeball protruding on one or both sides.

Indication: excess, stagnation

81
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Shape
Eye Shape - Sunken Eyes

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Shape
Eye Shape - Sunken Eyes

Description: the eyeball has sunken deeper into the eye socket.

Indication: deficiency

82
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Shape
Eye Shape - Swollen Eyes

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Shape
Eye Shape - Swollen Eyes

Description: the eyelid is swollen; it may be accompanied by redness and wet skin

Indication: Dampness, water retention

83
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Strabismus

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Strabismus

Description: The eye cannot look straight. or deviates to one side or the other.

Indication: Liver wind, or obstruction

84
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Eyelid Spasms

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Eyelid Spasms

Description: Involuntary unilateral spasms of the eyelid.

Indication: Wind or blood xu

85
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Eye Droop

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Eye Droop

Description: upper eyelid dropping and difficulty in keeping the eye open completely

Indication: Qi sinking, or obstruction

86
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Platycoria

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Platycoria

Description: dilation of the pupils >5mm

Indication: Kidney jing exhaustion

87
Q

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Myosis

Description:
Indication:

A

Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing
Eye Bearing - Myosis

Description: Pupil constructed

88
Q

Teeth and Relation to the Kidney

Describe:

A

Teeth are the surplus of bone, and bone is governed by the Kidney. Therefore, the growth, changes, and failure of the teeth are all directly related to the function of the Kidney.

89
Q

Hair and Relation to the Kidney

Describe:

A

Hair is the surplus of blood and the external manifestation of the Kidney qi. Abnormal changes in the hair are also closely related with the functions of the Spleen.

Oriental Diagnosis (8 decks)

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