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Oriental Diagnosis > Inspection: Overview > Flashcards

Inspection: Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Inspection includes what major areas?

A 
Inspection of the whole body
Inspection of local areas
Inspection of the infant’s index finger
Inspection of excreta and secretions
Inspection of the tongue
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2
Q

Shen (Spirit)

Broad Sense:

A

Describes the total external manifestations of the life activities of the human body which are the reflections of zàng fû organ functions. This may be thought of as general vitality and can be seen in the pulse, tongue, complexion, etc.

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3
Q

Shen (Spirit)

Narrow Sense:

A

Describes mental activities, including consciousness and cognition.

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4
Q

Three Treasures (List)

A

Essence
Qi
Spirit

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5
Q

Congenital Essence (Describe)

A

Essence derived from father and mother

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6
Q

Acquired Essence (Describe)

A

Essence acquired from food

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7
Q

Qi (Describe)

A

The essential substances of the human body which maintain its vital activities

The functional activities of the zàng fû organs and other tissues.

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8
Q

Essence (Describe)

A

Essence is the original substance (source) of human life. It makes up the human body.

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9
Q

Spirit (Describe)

A

The manifestation of all life activities.

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10
Q

Observation of the Spirit (Method)

A

In order to observe Spirit, attention should put on the patient’s facial expression, mental state, physical activity, speech and breath and reactivity, etc.

Special emphasis should be put on eye movement

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11
Q

Observation of the Spirit (Importance on the Eye)

A

The eye is regarded as the orifice of the Liver

The eye is the messenger of the Heart

All the essence and qi of the five zàng and six fû organs rise and pour into the eyes.

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12
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Having Spirit (Definition)
A

The normal physiological state when the patient is full of vigor

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13
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Having Spirit (Manifestation)
A

Alert with bright and vivid eyes, clear consciousness and speech, quick responses, resonant voice, radiant complexion with natural expressions, and a freely movable and flexible body.

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14
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Having Spirit (Indication)
A

Essence has not been exhausted and the condition of the zàng fû organs has not fallen into severe disorder, even though there may be illness.

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15
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Fatigued Spirit (Definition)
A

A mild manifestation of lacking spirit. Fatigued spirit and lacking spirit differ only in degree of severity.

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16
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Fatigued Spirit (Manifestation)
A

Listlessness, lassitude, poor memory, weak and low voice, aversion to speaking, fatigue, slow and awkward actions. The main symptom of fatigued spirit is poor memory.

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17
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Having Spirit (Clinical Significance)
A

Mild illness, and the prognosis is favorable

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18
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Fatigued Spirit (Indication)
A

Deficiency pattern, usually caused by Heart /Spleen deficiency or Kidney yang deficiency.

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19
Q 
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit
Fatigued Spirit (Clinical Significance)
A

State of qi (excess or deficiency)

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20
Q

Lack of Spirit (Describe)

A

A pathological state wherein deficiencies or disturbances undermine the calm or fullness of the spirit,

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21
Q

Lack of Spirit (List)

A

Loss of Spirit
False Spirit
Spirit Disturbance

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22
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Spirit

Loss of Spirit (Definition)

A

Weakness of vitality, reflects an exhaustion of the essence, deficiency of qi

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23
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Spirit

Loss of Spirit (Manifestation)

A

Dull eyes, slow and awkward action, blurred vision, dull complexion and facial expression, heaviness of the body, obtuse actions and responses, mental confusion or even unconsciousness, delirium and hallucinations.

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24
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Spirit

Loss of Spirit (Indication)

A

Qi exhausted, essence declined, and the disease is severe.

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25
Clinical Manifestation of Spirit | Loss of Spirit (Clinical Significance)
The disease is severe and the prognosis is unfavorable.
26
``` Clinical Manifestation of Spirit False Spirit (Definition) ```
Patient suddenly improves during the terminal stage when the patient’s essence and qi are extremely debilitated
27
``` Clinical Manifestation of Spirit False Spirit (Manifestation) ```
The extremely weak patient in a critical condition is listless, unconscious, etc. Yet the patient suddenly feels better, has clear consciousness, bright eyes, louder voice, flushed cheeks, and improved appetite.
28
``` Clinical Manifestation of Spirit False Spirit (Indication) ```
Exhaustion of zheng qi and impending failure of yin and yang, in which yin fails to restrain yang, and the yang is separating from the yin.
29
``` Clinical Manifestation of Spirit False Spirit (Clinical Significance) ```
Imminent death
30
``` Clinical Manifestation of Spirit Spirit Disturbance (Describe) ```
The spirit disturbance is also a manifestation of lack of spirit but the pathogenesis is totally different from the type caused by essence, blood, or Zheng qi exhaustion. It means that consciousness is obscured or lost. These patterns are caused by unique etiologies and pathogenesis. Although these patterns are manifestations of ‘lack of spirit,’ they are not necessarily critical conditions.
31
``` Clinical Manifestation of Spirit Spirit Disturbance (General Patterns) ```
``` Irritability and restlessness Restless organ disorder Hysteria Yin madness Yang madness Epilepsy ```
32
Having Spirit Complexion: Eyes: Mental State:
Having Spirit Complexion: bright hue and moist sheen Eyes: vivid, bright, twinkling eye Mental State: alert
33
Having Spirit Motion & Response: Respiration: Diet:
Having Spirit Motion & Response: moves freely, quick response Respiration: even Diet: good
34
Loss of Spirit Complexion: Eyes: Mental State:
Loss of Spirit Complexion: dim hue and dull sheen Eyes: dull, blurred vision Mental State: unconscious or delirium
35
Loss of Spirit Motion & Response: Respiration: Diet:
Loss of Spirit Motion & Response: slow movement and response Respiration: rapid, feeble, or difficult Diet: poor
36
False Spirit Complexion: Eyes: Mental State:
Loss of Spirit Complexion: dull sheen with sudden flushed cheeks Eyes: dull color, but suddenly lustrous Mental State: unconscious with sudden change to alert
37
False Spirit Motion & Response: Respiration: Diet:
False Spirit Motion & Response: sudden response Respiration: feeble but suddenly strong Diet: poor but suddenly want to eat
38
Observation of Facial Complexion Theory of Facial Complexion Diagnosis
Facial color is derived from yin blood and facial luster from the spirit. Complexion is the outward manifestation of the condition of the five zàng organs.
39
Observation of Facial Complexion Facial color:
The color of the skin. Skin color is associated with blood and yin. Under pathological circumstances, it can reflect the different characteristics of the zàng fû organs and their pathological changes.
40
Observation of Facial Complexion Facial sheen:
The luster of the skin. Skin luster is associated with qi and yang. Luster is the exterior manifestation of the essence qi of the zàng fû organs.
41
Observation of Facial Complexion Definition:
Normal skin color refers to the facial complexion of a person in a health physical condition.
42
Observation of Facial Complexion Characteristic:
Brightness, moisture and luster
43
Observation of Facial Complexion Indication:
Vital qi and blood are sufficient and that the functional activity of the Zang Fu is in a good working condition
44
Observation of Facial Complexion Host Complexion:
The color and sheen from time of birth
45
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion:
Slight changed color and sheen follows the seasons
46
Observation of Facial Complexion Transient Normal Complexion:
Temporary changed color and sheen due to environment or physical and emotional activities
47
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Spring Origin: Color:
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Spring Origin: Channels Color: Blue-green
48
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Summer Origin: Color:
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Summer Origin: Collaterals Color: Red
49
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Late Summer Origin: Color:
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Late Summer Origin: Muscles Color: Yellow
50
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Autumn Origin: Color:
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Autumn Origin: Skin Color: White (Pale)
51
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Winter Origin: Color:
Observation of Facial Complexion Guest Complexion - Winter Origin: Marrow Color: Black (Dark)
52
Observation of Facial Complexion The Abnormal Complexion (describe)
Refers to the facial complexion of a sick person. It might be said that it indicates all the abnormal colors and brightness
53
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Blue-Green Season: Pathogens: Organs: Indication:
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Blue-Green Season: Spring Pathogens: Wind Organs: Liver, Gallbladder Indication: Wind, Cold, Pain
54
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Red Season: Pathogens: Organs: Indication:
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Red Season: Summer Pathogens: Heat Organs: Heart, Small Intestine Indication: Heat, Yang
55
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Yellow Season: Pathogens: Organs: Indication:
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Yellow Season: Late-summer Pathogens: Dampness Organs: Stomach, Spleen Indication: Damp, Spleen Deficiency
56
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Pale Season: Pathogens: Organs: Indication:
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Pale Season: Autumn Pathogens: Dryness Organs: Lung, Large Intestine Indication: Deficiency, Cold
57
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Dark Season: Pathogens: Organs: Indication:
Five Colors and Indication of Disorder Dark Season: Winter Pathogens: Cold Organs: Kidney, Urinary Bladder Indication: Cold, Water
58
Quality of the Abnormal Color Location - Deep Description: Indication:
Quality of the Abnormal Color Location - Deep Description: The color remain hidden inside the skin Indication: Interior pattern
59
Quality of the Abnormal Color Location - Floating Description: Indication:
Quality of the Abnormal Color Location - Floating Description: Color that are visible on the skin Indication: Exterior pattern
60
Quality of the Abnormal Color Brightness - Bright Description: Indication:
Quality of the Abnormal Color Brightness - Bright Description: Color that are clear and distinct Indication: Yang pattern
61
Quality of the Abnormal Color Brightness - Dull Description: Indication:
Quality of the Abnormal Color Brightness - Dull Description: Color that are dark and turbid Indication: Yin pattern
62
Quality of the Abnormal Color Thickness - Thin Description: Indication:
Quality of the Abnormal Color Thickness - Thin Description: Color that is shallow and light Indication: Qi deficiency
63
Quality of the Abnormal Color Thickness - Thick Description: Indication:
Quality of the Abnormal Color Thickness - Thick Description: Color that is deep and thick Indication: Excess pattern
64
Quality of the Abnormal Color Concentration - Scattered Description: Indication:
Quality of the Abnormal Color Concentration - Scattered Description: Dispersed or scanty Indication: New or mild
65
Quality of the Abnormal Color Concentration - Concentrated Color Description: Indication:
Quality of the Abnormal Color Concentration - Concentrated Color Description: Accumulated or obstructed Indication: Enduring, or serious disease
66
Abnormal Sheen Manifestation: Indication:
Abnormal Sheen Manifestation: Withered (perishing), dim, lusterless, and dryness. Indication: Essence exhausted, Spiritless (lack of Shen), death and poor prognosis.
67
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Inner and Outer Canthus Wheel: Zang Fu Organ:
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Inner and Outer Canthus Wheel: Blood Wheel Zang Fu Organ: Heart, Small Intestine
68
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Sclera Wheel: Zang Fu Organ:
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Sclera Wheel: Qi Wheel Zang Fu Organ: Lung, Large Intestine
69
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Iris Wheel: Zang Fu Organ:
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Iris Wheel: Wind Wheel Zang Fu Organ: Liver, Gallbladder
70
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Pupil Wheel: Zang Fu Organ:
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Pupil Wheel: Water Wheel Zang Fu Organ: Kidney, Urinary Bladder
71
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Eyelids and Surrounding Muscle Wheel: Zang Fu Organ:
Theories of Inspection of Eye Part of the Eye - Eyelids and Surrounding Muscle Wheel: Flesh Wheel Zang Fu Organ: Spleen, Stomach
72
Parts of Eye Inspection List:
Parts of Eye Inspection ``` List: Eye Spirit Eye Color Eye Shape Eye Bearing ```
73
Parts of Eye Inspection Physiological and Pathological Eye Spirit - Having Spirit Manifestation: Indication: Prognosis:
Parts of Eye Inspection Physiological and Pathological Eye Spirit - Having Spirit Manifestation: clear vision; bright and shiny luster, distinguishable iris, pupil, and sclera, flexible movement, little tear or eye secretion Indication: Sufficient liver and kidney qi, mild illness Prognosis: Good, curable disease
74
Parts of Eye Inspection Physiological and Pathological Eye Spirit - Loss of Spirit Manifestation: Indication: Prognosis:
Parts of Eye Inspection Physiological and Pathological Eye Spirit - Loss of Spirit Manifestation: poor vision; dull luster, turbid hue in the sclera, iris and pupil borders are indistinguishable, dull luster, no tears or eye secretion Indication: Insufficient of liver and kidney qi, severe illness Prognosis: Poor, disease difficult to cure
75
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - Yellow Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - Yellow Description: yellow on the sclera that may extend to the iris and pupil. Indication: jaundice, dampness
76
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - Red Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - Red Description: red on the inner or outer canthus, sclera; or may appear the entire eye. Indication: heat
77
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - Blue-green Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - Blue-green Description: blue-green on the sclera or iris. Indication: wind, cold, pain
78
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - White Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - White Description: white on the inner or outer canthus, the iris or pupil may also be white. Indication: deficient
79
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - Black Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Color Eye Color - Black Description: black on the sclera. Indication: water, deficiency
80
Pathological Changes of Eye Shape Eye Shape - Exophthalmia (bulging eye) Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Shape Eye Shape - Exophthalmia (bulging eye) Description: patient’s eyeball protruding on one or both sides. Indication: excess, stagnation
81
Pathological Changes of Eye Shape Eye Shape - Sunken Eyes Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Shape Eye Shape - Sunken Eyes Description: the eyeball has sunken deeper into the eye socket. Indication: deficiency
82
Pathological Changes of Eye Shape Eye Shape - Swollen Eyes Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Shape Eye Shape - Swollen Eyes Description: the eyelid is swollen; it may be accompanied by redness and wet skin Indication: Dampness, water retention
83
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Strabismus Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Strabismus Description: The eye cannot look straight. or deviates to one side or the other. Indication: Liver wind, or obstruction
84
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Eyelid Spasms Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Eyelid Spasms Description: Involuntary unilateral spasms of the eyelid. Indication: Wind or blood xu
85
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Eye Droop Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Eye Droop Description: upper eyelid dropping and difficulty in keeping the eye open completely Indication: Qi sinking, or obstruction
86
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Platycoria Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Platycoria Description: dilation of the pupils >5mm Indication: Kidney jing exhaustion
87
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Myosis Description: Indication:
Pathological Changes of Eye Bearing Eye Bearing - Myosis Description: Pupil constructed
88
Teeth and Relation to the Kidney Describe:
Teeth are the surplus of bone, and bone is governed by the Kidney. Therefore, the growth, changes, and failure of the teeth are all directly related to the function of the Kidney.
89
Hair and Relation to the Kidney Describe:
Hair is the surplus of blood and the external manifestation of the Kidney qi. Abnormal changes in the hair are also closely related with the functions of the Spleen.

Oriental Diagnosis (8 decks)

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