List Questions Review Sheet 3, 4, & 5

Question 1

What are the two reasons why understanding is important to Cultural anthropology darwinism?

Answer 1

1. FOUNDATION OF EARLY ANTHROPOLOGY

2. IDEAS STILL BELIEVED EVEN IF LACKING SCIENTIFIC CREDIBILITY

Question 2

What are three ways to use boundary Maintenance

Answer 2

1. Neutral
2. Positive
3. Negative

Question 3

What two developments in the west helped construct the other in the 19th century?

Answer 3

1. Colonialism

2. Science

Question 4

What are the 5 elements of Social Darwinism used to construct the notion of race?

Answer 4

1. Race
2. Multi-origins (Polygenesis)
3. Races not equally Human (Unilineal Evolution)
4. Justifies social/ economic and Political Policies
5. Proven by science (scientific racism)

Question 5

What are the three reasons for the rise of Anthropology at the end of the 19th century?

Answer 5

1. Seek solutions to social problems in the west
2. Need to control the colonized other.
3. Create/curate cultural exhibits in museums.

Question 6

What are the three contributions made by Franz Boas which make him “the father” of American Anthropology? Why is this label iconic?

Answer 6

1. Creates the 1st post-graduate program in anthropology in the united states (Columbia University)
2. His emphasis on fieldwork
3. Anti-Social Darwinist

Question 7

What are three reasons why Darwinism Evolution is important for Cultural Anthropologist?

Answer 7

1. It is the scientific explanation of natural reality.
2. It disproves social Darwinism (race)
3. It illustrates the conflict over “truth” is often really over cultural values

Question 8

What are the two processes through which it takes place (Darwinian Biology)?

Answer 8

1. Mutation

2. Selection/Adaptation

Question 9

What are the three major adaptations which shaped human evolution as hominids adapted from life in the rainforest to life on the Savannah.

Answer 9

1. The shape of our hands (thumb ratio to other part of hand)
2. Bipedalism (Skeleton begins to change )
3. Changes in brain structure (much more sophisticated) “Spindle cells” (cells that allow abstract thinking)

Question 10

What are 8 characteristics which make Homo Erectus our closest ancient relatives

Answer 10

1. Large Brain
2. Makes and uses tools
3. Hunters
4. Makes and uses fire
5. Socially sophisticated
6. Think Abstractly
7. Bury their Dead
8. Completely Bipedal

Question 11

Prior to Darwin most people believed what three things?

Answer 11

1. Planet 6,000 Years Old
2. LIFE DOESN’T CHANGE
3. GOD CREATED ALL LIFE (including humanity)

Question 12

Explain how social change, in the early 20th century, in the United States led to the “Monkey Trial”.

Answer 12

1. Urban
2. Industrial
3. Cosmopolitan values

Question 13

What are 5 conditions which will influence future human evolution?

Answer 13

1. Adaptation to changing environment
2. Mixing Ethnic Groups
3. New diet and drugs
4. New Diseases
5. Genetic mutation

Question 14

What were the three policy recommendations of the Bell Curve?

Answer 14

1. Early IQ testing and placement
2. Change higher education system (Just leave them behind)
3. Encourage the intelligent to have more children and encourage the less intelligent to have fewer children (reduce emmegration from inferior races)

Question 15

List three examples of positive Eugenic

Answer 15

1. Lebensborn Camps 1935
2. Repository for Germinal choice (Genius Factory)
3. Recommendations of Bell Curve

Question 16

Three examples of negative Eugenics

Answer 16

1. Race Laws
2. Survey of Human Resources of CT
3. Nazi Death Camps ( Nazis murdering or millions of people WW1)
   4: Recommendations of Bell Curve

Question 17

What are the two fundamental kinds of genetic research?

Answer 17

1: Therapeutic Genetic manipulation
2: Reproductive Genetic Manipulation