LIQUIDS, SOLIDS, INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Flashcards
Intermolecular forces
Bonds between molecules
Intramolecular forces
Bonds between 2 atoms in a molecule
Which physical state has the strongest & weakest IMF
gasses have weaker IMF due to larger distances, while solids/liquids have stronger IMF from closer molecules
London dispersion force
Present in all molecules and are temporary attractive forces due to temporary formation of dipoles in non polar molecules
Dipole-dipole force
Attractive force between one end of positive molecule and one end of negative molecule
Hydrogen bond
When hydrogen atoms are bonded to electronegative F, O, N
Order of strength of IMF
- London dispersion
- Dipole-dipole
- Hydrogen bond
- Ionic bond
Relationship between surface tension and IMF strength
Surface tension ↑, IMF strength ↑
Surface tension ↓, IMF strength ↓
Relationship between viscosity and IMF strength
Viscosity ↑, IMF strength ↑ = stronger molecules move less easily
Viscosity ↓, IMF strength ↓ = weaker molecules move easily
Relationship between boiling point and vapour pressure
Boiling point ↓ = Vapour pressure ↑
Relationship between amount of electrons and boiling/melting point
Amount of electrons ↑ = Boiling/melting point ↑
ΔHvap formula
ΔHvap = -Rln(p2/p1)/1/T2-1/T1
T2 formula
T2 = [1/T1 - Rln(p2/p1)^-1/ΔHvap]
6 physical state transformations
- Freezing (liquid –> solid)
- Melting (solid –> liquid)
- Condensation (gas –> liquid)
- Vaporization (liquid –> gas)
- Sublimation (solid –> gas)
- Deposition (gas –> solid)
Draw a phase diagram in sections
