ACIDS AND BASES

Question 1

Conjugate acid

Answer 1

Add H+

Question 2

Conjugate base

Answer 2

Remove H+

Question 3

Strong acids

Answer 3

Ionize completely and single arrow (eg. HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4)

Question 4

Weak acids

Answer 4

Ionize < 5% and double arrow (eg. HF, NH4+, HC2, H3O2, HCN, HNO2., H2SO3)

Question 5

Strong bases

Answer 5

Ionize completely and single arrow (eg. KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, OH-, O^2-)

Question 6

Weak bases

Answer 6

Insoluble and double arrow (eg. Al(OH)3, NH3, F-, NO2-, C2H3O2-, IN-, HSO3

Question 7

pH formula

Answer 7

pH = -log[H3O+]

Question 8

pOH formula

Answer 8

pOH = -log[OH-]
pH + pOH = 14

Question 9

[H3O+] formula (2)

Answer 9

[H3O+] = 10^-pH
[H3O+] = 10^-14/[OH-]

Question 10

[OH-] formula (2)

Answer 10

[OH-] = 10^-pOH
[OH-] = 10^-14/[H3O+]

Question 11

Ka formula (2)

Answer 11

Ka = 10^-pka
Ka = kw/kb

Question 12

Kb formula (2)

Answer 12

Kb = 10^-pkb
Kb = kw/ka

Question 13

pka formula

Answer 13

pka = -logKa

Question 14

pkb formula

Answer 14

pkb = -logkb
pka + pkb = 14

Question 15

kw

Answer 15

equilibrium constant for water

Question 16

kw formula and value

Answer 16

kw = [OH-][H3O+] = 10^-14

Question 17

Ka relationship

Answer 17

Ka ↑, acid ↑, pka ↓

Question 18

Kb relationship

Answer 18

Kb ↑, base↑, pkb ↓

Question 19

Ionization percent formula

Answer 19

Same as small x approximation: x/initial concentration x100%

Question 20

Polyprotic acids

Answer 20

Acids with more than 1 ionizable proton (use the first Ka value)

Question 21

ICE table rule

Answer 21

If you’re finding K, the ICE table should be full (you have all the values). If you’re finding anything else, use x and solve using the K

Question 22

[H2SO4] > 1.00

Answer 22

Use first ionization values

Question 23

[H2SO4] > 1.00

Answer 23

Use all ionization values