Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Question 1

keeps shape when placed in a container

Answer 1

fixed

Question 2

takes the shape of the container

Answer 2

Indefinite

Question 3

what is not normal about water?

Answer 3

the density of ice is larger than liquid water

Question 4

is the ability to move from one position in space to another

Answer 4

Translational freedom

Question 5

is the ability to reorient the particles direction in space

Answer 5

rotational freedom

Question 6

is the ability to oscillate about a particular point in space

Answer 6

Vibrational freedom

Question 7

What state a material is in depends largely
on two major factors

Answer 7

1.the amount of kinetic energy the particles
possess
2.the strength of attraction between the particles

Question 8

When the attractive forces are strong enough
so the kinetic energy cannot overcome it at
all, the material will be a

Answer 8

solid

Question 9

When the attractive forces are strong enough
so the kinetic energy can only partially
overcome them, the material will be a

Answer 9

liquid

Question 10

Intermolecular attractions are due to
attractive forces between what?

Answer 10

opposite charges

Question 11

the larger the charge the what the attraction?

Answer 11

larger

Question 12

the longer the distance the what the attraction

Answer 12

weaker

Question 13

the higher the normal boiling pt the what the attraction?

Answer 13

stronger

Question 14

Temporary polarity in the molecules due to
unequal electron distribution leads to
attractions called

Answer 14

dispersion forces or London forces (LIMF)

Question 15

Permanent polarity in the molecules due to
their structure leads to attractive forces called

Answer 15

dipole–dipole attractions

Question 16

An especially strong dipole–dipole attraction
results when H is attached to an extremely
electronegative atom. These are called

Answer 16

hydrogen bonds

Question 17

what results in a temporary dipole?

Answer 17

Fluctuations in the electron distribution in atoms
and molecules

Question 18

region with excess electron density has

Answer 18

partial negative charge

Question 19

region with depleted electron density has

Answer 19

partial positive charge

Question 20

The attractive forces caused by these temporary
dipoles are called

Answer 20

London forces

Question 21

the magnitude of the dipole depends on what?

Answer 21

Polarizability of the electrons
and
Shape of the molecule

Question 22

what force is more significant in non-polar

Answer 22

London Forces

Question 23

what force is more significant in polar

Answer 23

Dipole-Dipole

Question 24

what force does a hydrogen carbon molecule use?

Answer 24

London (nonpolar)

Question 25

what does an n in front of a molecule indicate

Answer 25

the structure is flat

Question 26

what does an iso in front of a molecule indicate

Answer 26

branched

Question 27

what are some indicators that a molecule is polar?

Answer 27

- only one lone pair - OH group - C triple bonded to N group - C double bonded to O group - C double bonded to O and single bonded to OH group - X (any halogen)

Question 28

Polar molecules have a permanent dipole

Answer 28

dipole-dipole attractions

Question 29

attractions between hydrogen connected to f, c or o to lone pair of another molecule

Answer 29

hydrogen bonds

Question 30

has the strongest IMF

Answer 30

H-bonds

Question 31

what can dissolve in hydrogen bonds

Answer 31

other hydrogen bonds and dipole dipole

Question 32

what are ion-dipole attractions?

Answer 32

ion and water

Question 33

what is the rank strongest to largest for IMF

Answer 33

1. Ion-dipole 2. Hydrogen bonding 3. Dipole-Dipole 4. Dispersion

Question 34

is a property of liquids that results from the tendency of liquids to minimize their surface area

Answer 34

Surface tension

Question 35

why does water have spherical shape?

Answer 35

to minimize surface area

Question 36

what happens to surface area if the IMF rises

Answer 36

it also rises

Question 37

what happens to surface area if the temp rises

Answer 37

it lowers

Question 38

is the resistance of a liquid to flow

Answer 38

viscosity

Question 39

what substance has high viscosity

Answer 39

honey or maple syrup

Question 40

what is the unit for viscosity

Answer 40

poise P

Question 41

what happens to viscosity if the IMF rises

Answer 41

it also rises

Question 42

what happens to viscosity if the temp rises

Answer 42

it lowers

Question 43

how do you make honey flow faster?

Answer 43

raise the temperature

Question 44

is the ability of a liquid to flow up a thin tube against the influence of gravity

Answer 44

capillary action

Question 45

the narrower the tube, the what the liquid rises

Answer 45

higher

Question 46

what two forces are capillary action in result of?

Answer 46

cohesive and adhesive forces

Question 47

holds the liquid molecules together

Answer 47

cohesive forces

Question 48

attract the outer liquid molecules to the tube’s surface

Answer 48

adhesive forces

Question 49

The curving of the liquid surface in a thin tube is due to the competition between adhesive and cohesive forces

Answer 49

meniscus

Question 50

what shape of water's meniscus and why?

Answer 50

concave adhesion to glass > cohesion to itself

Question 51

what shape of mercury's meniscus and why?

Answer 51

convex cohesion to itself > adhesion to glass

Question 52

what happens to vaporization when the IMF raises

Answer 52

vaporization lowers

Question 53

what happens to vaporization when the temp raises?

Answer 53

vaporization raises

Question 54

what happens to vaporization when the surface area raises?

Answer 54

vaporization raises

Question 55

some of the molecules will get captured back into the liquid when they collide with it

Answer 55

condensation

Question 56

what is the opposite if vaporization?

Answer 56

condensation

Question 57

Liquids that evaporate easily are said to be

Answer 57

volatile

Question 58

what happens to condensation when IMF is raised

Answer 58

the condensation decreases

Question 59

what kind of process is vaporization?

Answer 59

endothermic

Question 60

The amount of heat energy required to vaporize one mole of the liquid is called the what?

Answer 60

heat of vaporization

Question 61

what temp is heat of vaporization measured at?

Answer 61

boiling point and 23°(room temperature)

Question 62

what happens to the heat of vaporization when the IMF is raised?

Answer 62

the Heat of vaporization also raises

Question 63

when does dynamic equilibrium happen?

Answer 63

when the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation

Question 64

The pressure exerted by the vapor when it is in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid is called the

Answer 64

vapor pressure

Question 65

what happens to the vapor pressure when the IMF is raised?

Answer 65

vapor pressure lowers

Question 66

what happens to the vapor pressure when the temp is raised?

Answer 66

vapor pressure raises

Question 67

what is gases unique property

Answer 67

vapor pressure

Question 68

When the temperature of a liquid reaches a point where its vapor pressure is the same as the external pressure

Answer 68

boiling

Question 69

the temperature at which the vapor pressure = external pressure is the

Answer 69

boiling point

Question 70

is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid = 1 atm

Answer 70

normal boiling point

Question 71

why does boiling point stay constant

Answer 71

liquid and gas are converting into each other simultaneously

Question 72

what happens after the boiling point?

Answer 72

all of the liquid is converting to gas

Question 73

what find of slope does water's phase diagram have? was this the usual way.

Answer 73

negative no

Question 74

boiling point varies bc it is dependent on what?

Answer 74

pressure

Question 75

after the critical point what is the material called

Answer 75

critical fluid

Question 76

what type of solid has the lowest IMF

Answer 76

nonbonding

Question 77

what type of solid has the strongest MF

Answer 77

network covalent