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Chemistry 2 > Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces > Flashcards

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

keeps shape when placed in a container

A

fixed

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2
Q

takes the shape of the container

A

Indefinite

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3
Q

what is not normal about water?

A

the density of ice is larger than liquid water

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4
Q

is the ability to move from one position in space to another

A

Translational freedom

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5
Q

is the ability to reorient the particles direction in space

A

rotational freedom

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6
Q

is the ability to oscillate about a particular point in space

A

Vibrational freedom

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7
Q

What state a material is in depends largely
on two major factors

A

1.the amount of kinetic energy the particles
possess
2.the strength of attraction between the particles

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8
Q

When the attractive forces are strong enough
so the kinetic energy cannot overcome it at
all, the material will be a

A

solid

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9
Q

When the attractive forces are strong enough
so the kinetic energy can only partially
overcome them, the material will be a

A

liquid

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10
Q

Intermolecular attractions are due to
attractive forces between what?

A

opposite charges

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11
Q

the larger the charge the what the attraction?

A

larger

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12
Q

the longer the distance the what the attraction

A

weaker

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13
Q

the higher the normal boiling pt the what the attraction?

A

stronger

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14
Q

Temporary polarity in the molecules due to
unequal electron distribution leads to
attractions called

A

dispersion forces or London forces (LIMF)

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15
Q

Permanent polarity in the molecules due to
their structure leads to attractive forces called

A

dipole–dipole attractions

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16
Q

An especially strong dipole–dipole attraction
results when H is attached to an extremely
electronegative atom. These are called

A

hydrogen bonds

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17
Q

what results in a temporary dipole?

A

Fluctuations in the electron distribution in atoms
and molecules

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18
Q

region with excess electron density has

A

partial negative charge

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19
Q

region with depleted electron density has

A

partial positive charge

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20
Q

The attractive forces caused by these temporary
dipoles are called

A

London forces

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21
Q

the magnitude of the dipole depends on what?

A

Polarizability of the electrons
and
Shape of the molecule

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22
Q

what force is more significant in non-polar

A

London Forces

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23
Q

what force is more significant in polar

A

Dipole-Dipole

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24
Q

what force does a hydrogen carbon molecule use?

A

London (nonpolar)

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25
Q

what does an n in front of a molecule indicate

A

the structure is flat

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26
Q

what does an iso in front of a molecule indicate

A

branched

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27
Q

what are some indicators that a molecule is polar?

A
  • only one lone pair
  • OH group
  • C triple bonded to N group
  • C double bonded to O group
  • C double bonded to O and single bonded to OH group
  • X (any halogen)
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28
Q

Polar molecules have a permanent dipole

A

dipole-dipole attractions

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29
Q

attractions between hydrogen connected to f, c or o to lone pair of another molecule

A

hydrogen bonds

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30
Q

has the strongest IMF

A

H-bonds

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31
Q

what can dissolve in hydrogen bonds

A

other hydrogen bonds and dipole dipole

32
Q

what are ion-dipole attractions?

A

ion and water

33
Q

what is the rank strongest to largest for IMF

A
  1. Ion-dipole
  2. Hydrogen bonding
  3. Dipole-Dipole
  4. Dispersion
34
Q

is a property of liquids that
results from the tendency of liquids to minimize
their surface area

A

Surface tension

35
Q

why does water have spherical shape?

A

to minimize surface area

36
Q

what happens to surface area if the IMF rises

A

it also rises

37
Q

what happens to surface area if the temp rises

A

it lowers

38
Q

is the resistance of a liquid to flow

A

viscosity

39
Q

what substance has high viscosity

A

honey or maple syrup

40
Q

what is the unit for viscosity

A

poise
P

41
Q

what happens to viscosity if the IMF rises

A

it also rises

42
Q

what happens to viscosity if the temp rises

A

it lowers

43
Q

how do you make honey flow faster?

A

raise the temperature

44
Q

is the ability of a liquid to flow up a thin tube against the influence of gravity

A

capillary action

45
Q

the narrower the tube, the what the liquid rises

A

higher

46
Q

what two forces are capillary action in result of?

A

cohesive and
adhesive forces

47
Q

holds the liquid molecules together

A

cohesive forces

48
Q

attract the outer liquid molecules to the tube’s surface

A

adhesive forces

49
Q

The curving of the liquid surface in a thin tube is due to the competition
between adhesive and cohesive forces

A

meniscus

50
Q

what shape of water’s meniscus and why?

A

concave
adhesion to glass > cohesion to itself

51
Q

what shape of mercury’s meniscus and why?

A

convex
cohesion to itself > adhesion to glass

52
Q

what happens to vaporization when the IMF raises

A

vaporization lowers

53
Q

what happens to vaporization when the temp raises?

A

vaporization raises

54
Q

what happens to vaporization when the surface area raises?

A

vaporization raises

55
Q

some of the molecules
will get captured back into the liquid when they
collide with it

A

condensation

56
Q

what is the opposite if vaporization?

A

condensation

57
Q

Liquids that evaporate easily are said to be

A

volatile

58
Q

what happens to condensation when IMF is raised

A

the condensation decreases

59
Q

what kind of process is vaporization?

A

endothermic

60
Q

The amount of heat energy required to vaporize one mole of the liquid is called the what?

A

heat of vaporization

61
Q

what temp is heat of vaporization measured at?

A

boiling point
and
23°(room temperature)

62
Q

what happens to the heat of vaporization when the IMF is raised?

A

the Heat of vaporization also raises

63
Q

when does dynamic equilibrium happen?

A

when the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation

64
Q

The pressure exerted by the vapor when it is in
dynamic equilibrium with its liquid is called the

A

vapor pressure

65
Q

what happens to the vapor pressure when the IMF is raised?

A

vapor pressure lowers

66
Q

what happens to the vapor pressure when the temp is raised?

A

vapor pressure raises

67
Q

what is gases unique property

A

vapor pressure

68
Q

When the temperature of a liquid reaches a
point where its vapor pressure is the same as
the external pressure

A

boiling

69
Q

the temperature at which the vapor pressure =
external pressure is the

A

boiling point

70
Q

is the temperature at
which the vapor pressure of the liquid = 1 atm

A

normal boiling point

71
Q

why does boiling point stay constant

A

liquid and gas are converting into each other simultaneously

72
Q

what happens after the boiling point?

A

all of the liquid is converting to gas

73
Q

what find of slope does water’s phase diagram have? was this the usual way.

A

negative
no

74
Q

boiling point varies bc it is dependent on what?

A

pressure

75
Q

after the critical point what is the material called

A

critical fluid

76
Q

what type of solid has the lowest IMF

A

nonbonding

77
Q

what type of solid has the strongest MF

A

network covalent

Chemistry 2 (6 decks)

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