LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS Flashcards by M.A.Lance Evangelista

Are liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolve in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents

Solutions

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What are the advantages of solutions

Completely homogeneous doses
Immediate availability for absorption and distribution
Provides a flexible dosage form through easy to swallow, can be used by any route of administration and easy to adjust dose

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A represent by true or colloidal solution

Monophasic liquid dosage forms

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Solutions containing high concentration of sucrose or other sugars

Syrups

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Examples of syrups

Cherry syrup
Cocoa syrup
Orange syrup
Raspberry syrup

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Nearly saturated aqueous solution of sucrose 85% weight per volume

Syrup according to national formulary or simple syrup

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Inherently stable and resistant to the growth of microorganisms when properly prepared and maintained

Simple syrup

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Methods of preparation for syrups

Percolation
Reconstitution
Addition of sucrose to medicated or flavored liquid
Solution by agitation without the aid of heat
Solution by agitation with the aid of heat

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Give the importance of syrups

It retards oxidation because it’s partly hydrolyzed into the reducing sugar
It prevents the composition of many vegetable substance because it’s have high osmotic pressure which prevent the growth of bacteria
They are palatable due sweet taste

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Are clear pleasantly flavored sweetened hydro alcoholic solutions intended for oral use

Elixirs

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Alcohol content of elixir

5 to 40%

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Alcohol content of aromatic elixir

22%

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Methods of preparation of elixirs

Solution with agitation
Admixture of two or more liquid ingredients

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Are alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solutions of volatile substances

Spirits or essences

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Alcohol content of spirits or essences

Use of spirits or essences

60%

Flavoring agents and vehicle

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Spirits or essences and aromatic waters are stored in

Tight and light resistant containers

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Are alcoholic or hydro alcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances

Tinctures

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Alcohol content of tincture

15 to 80%

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What is the preparation of tinctures

Maceration and percolation

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Examples of tinctures

Iodine Tincture
Opium tincture

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Are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as solvent preservative or both and so me that unless otherwise specified in an individual monograph

Fluid extract

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H ml of fluid extract contains how many standard drug

1 g

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Preparation of fluid extracts includes

Process A
Process B and D
Process E

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Are clear aqueous solution saturated with volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances

Aromatic Waters

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Aromatic waters are also called as

Medicated waters

Aqueous phasein some emulsions or suspensions

Aromatic Waters

Methods of preparation of aromatic waters

Solution of the aromatic substances with or without use of dispersing agent Distillation

Are aqueous solutions used for treating The parents and not so pharynx by forcing air from the lungs

Gargles

Are aqueous solution use for its deodorant refreshing or antiseptic effect or for control of plaque

Mouth washes

Intended for tropical application to the skin or mucous membranes

Topical solutions

Are aqueous or oliganous solutions in the form of course droplets are finally divided solids to be applied topically it is most usually to the nasopharyngeal tract or to the skin

Sprays

Locally applied solutions to the constrict force and precipitate proteins

Astringent

Examples of astringent

Aluminum acetate Aluminum sub acetate Calcium hydroxide

Kill microorganisms when applied to the skin or mucous membranes

Topical anti-infective

Examples of topical anti-infective

Povidone iodine Thimerosal Hydrogen peroxide

Rectal solutions employed to evacuate the bowel and influence the general system of absorption or to affect locally the site of disease

Enemas

Are aqueous solutions directed against a part or into a cavity of the body functions as a cleansing or antiseptic agent and are frequently dispensed in the form of a powder with the directions for dissolving in a specified quantity of warm water

Douches

Are not aqueous alcoholic or oligano solutions or emulsions of various medicinal substances intended to be rubbed on the skin

Liniments

Liniments are also called as

Embrocations

Are liquid preparations composed of pyroxylene dissolved in an aqueous solvent mixture usually composed of alcohol and ether with or without added medicinal substances

Collodions

Pyroxylin is also called

Soluble gun cotton

Paroxetine is produced through the action of what

Nitric acid and sulfuric acid 3:1 Purified cotton

Flexible colloidon is prepared by the addition of what

3% castor oil for flexibility 2% camphor for waterproofing

Are aqueous solutions designed to be administered to the nasal passages in drops or sprays may contain preservatives buffer antioxidant and surfactan vehicle use is usually water but co solvent system may be used

Nasal solution

Are intended for installation into the ear

Otic solution

What is the vehicle of otic solution

Glycerin or water or co solvent

Are sterile pyrogen-free and particle free solution suitably compounded and package for installation into the eye

Ophthalmic solution

Optimic solutions - PH and positive PH

7.4 6.5 to 8.5

Status solutions used to wash or bath surgical incisions wounds or body tissues

Irrigating solution

Injected through the skin or directly into the blood vessel muscle organ or tissue

Parental solutions

Must conforms with strict requirements for microbiological impurity particulate matter and pyrogenicity

Parenteral solutions

Routes of administration of parenteral solutions

Intradermal or intracutenous Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intravenous Intra arterial Intra thecal Intra spinal Epidural

The liquid which consist of two phases are known as

BIPHASIC liquid dosage forms

Is a bifasic liquid dosage forms containing two immiscible liquid

Emulsion

Two immiscible liquids under emulsion

Continuous phase and dispersed phase

Types of emulsion

Oil in water Water in oil Multiple emulsions Micro emulsions

Liquid dosage forms containing finely divided drug particles distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle in which the drug exhibits a minimum degree of solubility

Suspensions

Purposes for formulating a suspension

Sustaining effect Stability Taste

is a thermodynamically unstable system consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases one of which is dispersed as globules in the other liquid phase stabilized by a third substance

Emulsion

Emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable system consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases one of which is dispersed as globules in the other liquid phase stabilized by a third substance called

Emulsifying agent

The globule size in emulsion varies from

0.25-25 nanometer

are semisolid systems consisting of dispersions of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jelly-like by the addition of a gelling-agent

Gels

sometimes used for suspension in aqueous vehicles intended for oral

Milk

often used to describe suspensions of inorganic acids such as clay in water

Magma

generally suspensions of solid materials in an aqueous vehicle.

Lotion

are semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes

Ointments

make the skin more pliable

Emollients

Are semisolid preparation containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either a W/O emulsion or an O/W emulsion or in another type of waterwashable bases.

Creams

oil-in-water emulsion containing large percentage of water and stearic acid or other oleaginous component

Vanishing cream

are semisolid preparations intended for application to the skin, and generally contain a larger proportion of solid material than ointments and therefore are stiffer

Pastes

are plastic masses containing gelatin (15%), glycerin (40%), water (35%) and an added medicinal substance (10%) such as zinc oxide

Glycerogelatins

Are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices where they melt, soften, or dissolve and exert local or systemic effects. • useful in infants, debilitated or comatose patients, patients who vomit, who have nausea or gastrointestinal disturbances

Suppositories

FOR VARICOSE ULCER-- re wounds that are thought to occur due to improper functioning of venous valves, usually of the legs

Zin gelatin boot