Liquid and Solid Flashcards
What are the states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas, plasma.
Talk about solid.
Has definite volume and shape.
Atoms held together by electrical forces, located at specific positions to each other and vibrate there.
What are the two types of solid?
Crystalline - atoms in ordered structure
Amorphous - atoms arranged randomly
Why is solid elastic?
Tends to return to original shape and size when external forces are removed.
Talk about liquid.
Has definite volume but no definite shape.
Usually exist at higher temperature than solid.
Molecules wander randomly due to weak intermolecular forces.
Talk about gas.
No definite shape and volume
Molecules in constant random motion.
Which states of matter can’t be compressed?
Solid and liquid because strong repulsive atomic forces resist the compression.
Talk about plasma.
Highly ionized state of matter containing equal amount of positive and negative charges.
Is plasma a neutralized gas?
No because interactions still occur within constituents due to long range electrical and magnetic forces.
What is density?
pro = mass/volume
What is specific gravity?
Ratio of density of object to density of water.
What is pressure?
P = F/A
What happens when fluid is rest in a container?
All portions of fluid in static equilibrium.
All points in same depth has same pressure.
What is the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium?
P = P0 + mgh
What is the atmospheric pressure?
P0 = 1.013 x 10^5 Pa = 1 atm
What is Pascal’s principle?
A change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every point of the fluid and to the walls of container.
What is the formula of Pascal’s principle?
P1 = P2
F1/A1 = F2/A2
Talk about manometer.
Measures pressure in enclosed fluid.
P = P0 + progh
What happens when absolute pressure in manometer is less than atmospheric pressure?
Partial vacuum.
h becomes negative
right column of manometer < left column
Talk about barometer.
Measures atmospheric pressure and uses mercury.
P0 = progh
P = 0 due to closed end of tube being vacuum.
What is Archimedes’ principle?
Any object completely or partially submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force with magnitude equal to the weight of fluid displaced by the object.
What is Archimedes’ principle formula?
B = proVg
Formulas used in totally submerged object?
B = profVog
w = mg = prooVog
Vo = Vf
Net force = B - w = (prof - proo)Vog
Apparent weight + B = w
Formulas used in floating object?
B = profVfg
w = mg = prooVog
w = B
proo/prof = Vf/Vo
What are the behaviors of an ideal fluid?
Nonviscous (no internal friction between adjacent layers)
Incompressible (constant density)
Steady motion (velocity, density and pressure doesn’t change with time)
Moves without turbulence
What is the equation of continuity?
A1V1 = A2V2 (A = pir^2)
What is Bernoulli’s equation?
Sum of pressure, kinetic energy per unit volume, and potential energy per unit volume has the same value at all points along a streamline.
What is the formula for Bernoulli’s eqaution?
P1 + 1/2prov1^2 + pgy1 = P2 + 1/2prov2^2 + pgy2
