Liquid and Solid

Question 1

What are the states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma.

Question 2

Talk about solid.

Answer 2

Has definite volume and shape.
Atoms held together by electrical forces, located at specific positions to each other and vibrate there.

Question 3

What are the two types of solid?

Answer 3

Crystalline - atoms in ordered structure
Amorphous - atoms arranged randomly

Question 4

Why is solid elastic?

Answer 4

Tends to return to original shape and size when external forces are removed.

Question 5

Talk about liquid.

Answer 5

Has definite volume but no definite shape.
Usually exist at higher temperature than solid.
Molecules wander randomly due to weak intermolecular forces.

Question 6

Talk about gas.

Answer 6

No definite shape and volume
Molecules in constant random motion.

Question 7

Which states of matter can’t be compressed?

Answer 7

Solid and liquid because strong repulsive atomic forces resist the compression.

Question 8

Talk about plasma.

Answer 8

Highly ionized state of matter containing equal amount of positive and negative charges.

Question 9

Is plasma a neutralized gas?

Answer 9

No because interactions still occur within constituents due to long range electrical and magnetic forces.

Question 10

What is density?

Answer 10

pro = mass/volume

Question 11

What is specific gravity?

Answer 11

Ratio of density of object to density of water.

Question 12

What is pressure?

Answer 12

P = F/A

Question 13

What happens when fluid is rest in a container?

Answer 13

All portions of fluid in static equilibrium.
All points in same depth has same pressure.

Question 14

What is the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium?

Answer 14

P = P0 + mgh

Question 14

What is the atmospheric pressure?

Answer 14

P0 = 1.013 x 10^5 Pa = 1 atm

Question 14

What is Pascal’s principle?

Answer 14

A change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every point of the fluid and to the walls of container.

Question 15

What is the formula of Pascal’s principle?

Answer 15

P1 = P2
F1/A1 = F2/A2

Question 15

Talk about manometer.

Answer 15

Measures pressure in enclosed fluid.
P = P0 + progh

Question 16

What happens when absolute pressure in manometer is less than atmospheric pressure?

Answer 16

Partial vacuum.
h becomes negative
right column of manometer < left column

Question 17

Talk about barometer.

Answer 17

Measures atmospheric pressure and uses mercury.
P0 = progh
P = 0 due to closed end of tube being vacuum.

Question 18

What is Archimedes’ principle?

Answer 18

Any object completely or partially submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force with magnitude equal to the weight of fluid displaced by the object.

Question 19

What is Archimedes’ principle formula?

Answer 19

B = proVg

Question 20

Formulas used in totally submerged object?

Answer 20

B = profVog
w = mg = prooVog
Vo = Vf
Net force = B - w = (prof - proo)Vog
Apparent weight + B = w

Question 21

Formulas used in floating object?

Answer 21

B = profVfg
w = mg = prooVog
w = B
proo/prof = Vf/Vo

Question 22

What are the behaviors of an ideal fluid?

Answer 22

Nonviscous (no internal friction between adjacent layers)
Incompressible (constant density)
Steady motion (velocity, density and pressure doesn’t change with time)
Moves without turbulence

Question 23

What is the equation of continuity?

Answer 23

A1V1 = A2V2 (A = pir^2)

Question 24

What is Bernoulli’s equation?

Answer 24

Sum of pressure, kinetic energy per unit volume, and potential energy per unit volume has the same value at all points along a streamline.

Question 25

What is the formula for Bernoulli’s eqaution?

Answer 25

P1 + 1/2prov1^2 + pgy1 = P2 + 1/2prov2^2 + pgy2