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Physics 1 > Heat and Temperature > Flashcards

Heat and Temperature Flashcards

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1
Q

What is thermal contact?

A

Energy exchanged between two objects.

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2
Q

What is thermal equilibrium?

A

Two objects in thermal contact and no net exchange of energy. Same temperature.

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3
Q

What is temperature?

A

Measure of how hot or cold something is.

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4
Q

What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

A

If objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

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5
Q

What is absolute temperature?

A

TK = TC + 273.15

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6
Q

What is triple point?

A

Single temperature and pressure at which water, water vapor and ice coexist in equilibrium.

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7
Q

What are the formulas for temperature?

A

TF = 9/5TC + 32
TC = 5/9 (TF - 32)
delta TF = 9/5 delta TC

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8
Q

What is thermal expansion?

A

As the temperature of a substance increase, its volume increase.

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9
Q

How does thermal expansion occur?

A

Temperature increases, atoms vibrate with greater amplitudes and increase average separation.

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10
Q

What is the unusual behavior of water?

A

Liquid generally increase in volume with increasing temperature.
When temperature increase from 0 - 4 C, water contracts causing the density to increase.
Above 4C, water exhibits the expected expansion with increasing temperature.

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11
Q

What is ideal gas?

A

Collection of atoms or molecules that move randomly and exert no long range forces on each other.

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12
Q

What is mole?

A

Amount of substance that contains as many particles are there are in 12g of the isotope carbon-12.

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13
Q

What is the ideal gas law?

A

PV = nRT = NkBT

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14
Q

What are the values of R?

A

8.31 J/mol.K
0.082 L.atm/mol.K

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15
Q

What is kB?

A

Boltzman constant.
1.38 x 10^-23 J/K

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16
Q

What is the kinetic theory of gases?

A

The number of molecules in the gas is large, and the average separation between them is large compared with their dimensions.
The molecule obey Newton’s Law of Motion, but as a whole, they move randomly.
The molecules interact only through short range forces during elastic collision.
The molecules make elastic collision with the walls.
All molecules in the gas are identical.

17
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Energy associated with the atoms and molecules of the system.

18
Q

Talk about sea breeze.

A

Water has a relative high specific heat than sand.
Sand reaches higher temperature than water.
Air above the sand is hot and air above the water is cool.
Denser cold air pushes the less dense hot air upward, becoming breeze from ocean to land.
Hot air cools as it rises and it sinks, setting a circulation pattern.

19
Q

What is heat?

A

Transfer of energy between a system and its environment due to a temperature difference between them.

20
Q

Talk about calorimetry.

A

Measure specific heat of solid and liquid.
Substance placed in a well insulated vessel with isolated system.
If one part of the system lose energy, another gains energy.
Qcold = -Qhot

21
Q

What is phase change?

A

Physical characteristic of the substance change from one form to another.

22
Q

What is latent heat of fusion?

A

Amount of heat required to convert 1kg of a solid to a liquid with no change in temperature.

23
Q

What is latent heat of vaporization?

A

Amount of heat required to convert kg of liquid to vapor with no change in temperature.

24
Q

What are the three types of energy transfer?

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

25
Q

Talk about the Dewar flask.

A

Standard vessel is a double walled Pyrex glass with silvered walls which minimizes energy transfer by radiation since silver has low emissivity.
Space between walls evacuated to minimize energy transfer by conduction and convection.

26
Q

Talk about the greenhouse.

A

During the day, sunlight passes into greenhouse and absorbed into walls, soil and plants.
Absorbed visible light is reradiated as infrared radiation causing temperature to rise.
Convection is inhibited in greenhouse.
Warmed air cannot pass over surface so there’s little energy loss by conduction to surrounding.

Physics 1 (5 decks)

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