lipids terms

Question 1

Essential components, required for many body functions

Answer 1

lipids

Question 2

Lipids, commonly referred to as

Answer 2

fats

Question 3

are ubiquitous constituents of al living cells and have a dual role.

Answer 3

lipids

Question 4

The lipids transported by

Answer 4

lipoprotein

Question 5

the principal lipids found in cell membranes and intracellular lipid droplets.

Answer 5

triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters

Question 6

is it true or false
The smaller the diameter of the molecule, the more dense the molecule

Answer 6

true

Question 7

are the only lipoproteins currently routinely measured in the clinical laboratory

Answer 7

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 8

Five major lipoproteins:

Answer 8

Chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL, and HDL
intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and Lp(a)

Question 9

contain three fatty acid molecules attached to one molecule of glycerol by ester bonds

Answer 9

triglycerides

Question 10

they only have two esterified fatty acids.

Answer 10

phospholipids

Question 11

an unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four rings (A, B, C, and D), and it has a single C-H side chain tail similar to a fatty acid in its physical properties

Answer 11

cholesterol

Question 12

Lipids are commonly referred to as fats and composed mostly of

Answer 12

carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Question 13

lipids are insoluble in

Answer 13

blood and water

Question 14

lipids are soluble in

Answer 14

organic solvent such as chloroform and ether

Question 15

Major Functions of Lipids

Answer 15

1. Primary sources of fuel
2. Provide stability to cell membrane
3. Sources of hormones

Question 16

Major Lipids in Plasma (arranged according to abundance)

Answer 16

1. Phospholipids
2. Cholesterol
3. Triglycerides
4. Fatty acid
5. Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

Question 17

(Conjugated Lipid)

Answer 17

phospholipids

Question 18

It is the most abundant lipids derived from phosphatidic acid.

Answer 18

phospholipid

Question 19

phospholipid is the most abundant lipids derived from ____

Answer 19

phosphatidic acid.

Question 20

phospholipids are originates in

Answer 20

liver and intestines

Question 21

Reference value: phospholipids

Answer 21

150-380 mg/dL (serum)

Question 22

alter fluid surface tension

Answer 22

surfactant - phospholipids

Question 23

Deficiency of surfactant leads to

Answer 23

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Question 24

forms of phospholipid

Answer 24

1. lecithin/phosphatidyl choline= 70%
2. sphingomyelin= 20%
3. cephalin=10%

Question 25

It is the only phospholipid in membranes that is not derived from glycerol but from an amino alcohol called ____

Answer 25

sphingomyelin=sphingosine.

Question 26

It accumulates in the liver and spleen of patients suffering from ____

Answer 26

sphingomyelin=Niemann-Pick disease (lipid storage disorder)

Question 27

cholesterol transport and excretion is promoted by

Answer 27

estrogen

Question 28

Reference value: Desirable of cholesterol

Answer 28

< 200 mg/dl.

Question 29

Borderline = cholesterol

Answer 29

200-239 mg/dL

Question 30

✓ High Cholesterol =

Answer 30

≥ 240 mg/dL

Question 31

Precursor of five major classes of steroids:

Answer 31

progestins, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens and estrogens.

Question 32

forms of cholesterol

Answer 32

cholesterol ester = 70% free cholesterol = 30%

Question 33

It is found in plasma and serum. It is the cholesterol bound to fatty acid (hydrophobic form).

Answer 33

Cholesterol Ester (CE) - 70%

Question 34

Cholesterol Ester (CE) - 70% undergoes esterification by

Answer 34

Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT)

Question 35

Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT) synthesize in

Answer 35

liver

Question 36

Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT) activator

Answer 36

APO-1

Question 37

It is found in plasma, serum and RBCs.

Answer 37

unesterified/Free Cholesterol (FC) - 30%

Question 38

It is a polar nonesterified alcohol.

Answer 38

Free Cholesterol (FC) - 30%

Question 39

It is produced via lysosomal hydrolysis and becomes available for membrane, hormone, and bile acid synthesis.

Answer 39

Free Cholesterol (FC) - 30%

Question 40

Liebermann Burchardt Reaction End product

Answer 40

Cholestadienyl Monosulfonic Acid (green end color)

Question 41

Salkowski Reaction End product

Answer 41

Cholestadienyl Disulfonic Acid (red end color)

Question 42

cholesterol esterification through the action of

Answer 42

acyltransferase enzyme

Question 43

lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio

Answer 43

> 2

Question 44

phospholipid mass can be determined by multiplying phospholipid phosphorus concentration by

Answer 44

25

Question 45

inactive form of cholesterol

Answer 45

cholesterol ester

Question 46

excess cholesterol is re esterified by

Answer 46

acyl-coA cholesterol acyltransferase

Question 47

normally present in human plasma

Answer 47

LCAT

Question 48

A polar non-esterified alcohol

Answer 48

unesterified/free cholesterol

Question 49

inactive form w/ cytotoxic property

Answer 49

unesterified/free cholesterol

Question 50

serum total cholesterol increases at ___ between ___ years old

Answer 50

2 mg/dl/year 45 to 65 years old

Question 51

fasting requirement for cholesterol

Answer 51

8-12 hours