lipidied

Question 1

• damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria

Answer 1

. Rheumatic heart disease

Question 2

• a disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs

Answer 2

Peripheral arterial disease

Question 3

• blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the
  heart and lungs

Answer 3

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Question 4

. - a disease of the blood vessels supplying che heart muscle

Answer 4

Coronary heart disease

Question 5

• birth defect that affects the normal development and functioning of the heart caused by malformations of the heart structure from birth

Answer 5

Congenital heart disease

Question 6

Effects of behavioral risk factors: Hypertension, raised blood glucose, hyperlipidemia, overweight, and obesity. -

Answer 6

Congenital heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease
deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli
rheumatic heart disease

Question 7

a disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain

Answer 7

Cerebrovascular disease

Question 8

Fredrickson Classification

Answer 8

Type 1- Hyperchylomicronemia/
Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia
Type 3 Dysbetalipoproteinemia
Type 4 Hyperlipoproteinemia
Type 5 Hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 9

It develops due to failure to convert CM to chylonicron remnants, just like in Type 1.

Answer 9

Type 5 Hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 10

There is an accumulation of CM resulting in milky appearance of plasma samples.

Answer 10

Type 5 Hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 11

a block in the conversion of VLDL to IDL and LDL results to elevated TAG and VLDL, but LDL is normal.

Answer 11

Type 4 Hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 12

• The presence of floating B-VLDL in type 3 dysbetalipoproteinemia is due to failure to convert VLDL to LDL causing IDL to accumulate.

Answer 12

Type 3 Dysbetalipoproteinemia

Question 13

a block in LDL metabolism and defective apo B protein that does not bind to LDL receptor or mutant LDL receptor that does not recognize apo B are observed

Answer 13

Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 14

It is a recessive disorder wherein plant sterols are absorbed and accumulate in plasma and peripheral tissues.

Answer 14

Sitosterolemia

Question 15

A block in the progression from chylomicron (CM) to chylomicron remnants results in the accumulation of CM in types 1 and 5.

Answer 15

Type 1- Hyperchylomicronemia/

Question 16

This syndrome is distinct from abetalipoproteinemia, as only apoB-48 appears to be affected.

Answer 16

Chylomicron Retention Disease (Anderson’s disease)

Question 17

It is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, which results in the accumulation of spingolipids in the brain.

Answer 17

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 18

Is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that presents in childhood with abdominal pain and pancreatitis.

Answer 18

Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Deficiency

Question 19

• Is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by complete absence of HDL due to a mutation in the ABCAl gene on chromosome 9.

Answer 19

Tangier Disease

Question 20

It is an inherited disorder of lipid metabolism, in which there are accumulations of spingomyelin in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes.

Answer 20

Niemann-Pick disease

Question 21

It is commonly considered as a dysfunctional HDL because native HDL is protective to atherosclerosis.

Answer 21

Oxidized HDL

Question 22

• It is the reference method for quantitation of lipoproteins.

Answer 22

Ultracentrifugation (Density Gradient)

Question 23

lectrophoretic Pattern:

Answer 23

HDL, VLDL, LDL, and Chylomicrons

Question 24

• It uses polyanions (e.g., heparin sulfate, dextran sulfate, and phosphotungstate) and divalent cations (e.g., magnesium,

Answer 24

Chemical Precipitation

Question 25

* It assumes that virtually all cholesterols are contained in the three major lipoproteln classes (VLDL; HDL, and LDL).

Answer 25

Direct Method for LDL: Beta Quantification (Ultracentrifugation-Polyanion Precipitation)

Question 26

* It is an automated procedure that does not require any pre-treatment of the sample.

Answer 26

Homogenous Assay

Question 27

They utilize either Gel Chromatography or Affinity Chromatography.

Answer 27

Chromatographic Methods

Question 28

* These methods use antibodies specific to epitopes on the apolipoproteins.

Answer 28

Immunochemical Methods

Question 29

* It is based on the measurement of the turbidity created by apolipoprotein-antibody complexes.

Answer 29

Immunoassay or Immunonephelometry (Apolipoprotein Assay)

Question 30

* It is a non-destructive, diagnostic imaging technique for measurement of the lipoprotein particles. it is used to measure

Answer 30

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMRS)

Question 31

* It is a commonly used method in measuring HDL and LDL.

Answer 31

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMRS)

Question 32

Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type 2a) It is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by defective or deficient LDL receptors.

Answer 32

Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type 2a)

Question 33

It involves accumulation of plasma VLDL rich in cholesterol and chylomicron remnants.

Answer 33

Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type 3 Hyperlipoproteinemia)

Question 34

* It is an autosomal recessive disorder; defective apo B synthesis. * VLDL, LDL and chylomicron are all not found in plasma.

Answer 34

Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen-Kornzweig Syndrome)

Question 35

* It is due to apo-B deficiency resulting from point mutation in apo-B. * Decreased:LDL-Chole & total cholesterol

Answer 35

Hypobetalipoproteinemia