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clinchem > Lipids & Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Lipids & Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the building blocks of lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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2
Q

A substance made of 3 fatty acid molecules attached to 1 glycerol

A

Tricglycerides

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3
Q

Has 3 fatty acids with glycerol and a phospholipid head group

A

Phospholipids

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4
Q

The main storage form of energy, insulator, and shock absorber

A

TAG

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5
Q

The precursor of steroid-based hormones

A

Cholesterol

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6
Q

Free cholesterol has approximately ____% of total cholesterol

A

30%

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7
Q

A type of cholesterol that has approximately 70% of total cholesterol

A

Cholesterol esters

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8
Q

A spherical shape that transports lipids

A

Lipoprotein

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9
Q

The size of a lipoprotein

A

10-1200 nm

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10
Q

Composed of lipids and lipoproteins

A

apolipoprotein

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11
Q

The size of the lipoprotein is directly proportional to the lipid content. T/F?

A

True

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12
Q

Various lipoproteins can be separated through what method?

A

Ultracentrifugation

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13
Q

What maintains the structural integrity and serves as ligands and cell receptors?

A

Apolipoproteins

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14
Q

Apo-A1 can be found in what lipoprotein?

A

HDL

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15
Q

Apolipoprotein present in LDL, VLDL

A

Apo B-100

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16
Q

Apo B-48 is present in what lipoprotein?

A

Chylomicrons

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17
Q

VLDL, HDL contains what type of apolipoprotein?

A

Apo E

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18
Q

Apo (a) is present in what lipoprotein?

A

Lp(a)

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19
Q

What type of Apo E correlates with Alzheimers disease?

A

Apo E4

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20
Q

What type of Apo E Has an inverse relationship with Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Apo E2

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21
Q

Give the 4 Major Lipoproteins

A

HDL, LDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons

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22
Q

What lipoprotein can cause post-prangial turbidity?

A

Chylomicrons

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23
Q

What is the largest and least dense lipoprotein?

A

Chylomicrons

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24
Q

What lipoprotein transports exogenous TAG?

A

Chylomicrons

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25
Q

What lipoprotein transports endogenous TAG?

A

VLDL

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26
Q

What lipoprotein can cause fasting hyperlipidemic turbidity?

A

VLDL

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27
Q

What the other term for Endogenous TAG?

A

Hepatic TAG

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28
Q

What lipoprotein is from the lipolysis of VLDL?

A

LDL

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29
Q

What lipoprotein transports cholesterol and is related to Atherosclerosis?

A

LDL

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30
Q

What lipoprotein contains the highest protein content?

A

HDL

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31
Q

Lipoprotein involved in Reverse Cholesterol Pathway

A

HDL

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32
Q

What lipoprotein has an inverse relationship with Atherosclerosis?

A

HDL

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33
Q

Give 3 abnormal lipoproteins

A

Beta-VLDL, Lp(a),LpX

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34
Q

What is the other term for Beta-VLDL

A

Floating Beta-lipoprotein

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35
Q

What is the other term for Lp(a)?

A

Sinking Pre-Beta -Lipoprotein

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36
Q

What abnormal lipoprotein is increased during familial dysbetalipoprotenemia/Type III hyperlipidemia

A

Beta-VLDL

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37
Q

Abnormal lipoprotein increased in premature CHD and stroke

A

Lp(a)

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38
Q

Abnormal lipoprotein present in Biliary cirrhosis/cholestasis

A

LpX

39
Q

Patients with mutation in the enzyme LCAT has what type of abnormal lipoprotein?

A

LpX

40
Q

A type of a complex lipid

A

Lipoproteins

41
Q

High reference value for LDL Cholesterol

A

160-189

42
Q

The optimal level for LDL

A

<100

43
Q

The borderline high for LDL

A

130-159

44
Q

A very high ref. range for LDL

A

> 190 mg/dL

45
Q

The desirable ref range for total cholesterol

A

<200 mg/dL

46
Q

Total Cholesterol high level

A

> 240 mg/dL

47
Q

Borderline high for Total cholesterol

A

200-239 mg/dL

48
Q

High HDL ref range

A

> 60 mg/dL

49
Q

Low HDL ref range

A

<40 mg/dL

50
Q

TAG normal values

A

<150 mg/dL

51
Q

TAG Borderline high

A

150-199 mg/dL

52
Q

TAG high ref range

A

200-499 mg/dL

53
Q

TAG very high level

A

> 500 mg/dL

54
Q

Cutoff points for Serum cholesterol, age 2-19 yrs old

A

170-185 mg/dL

55
Q

20-29 yrs old Moderate risk in serum cholesterol

A

> 200 mg/dL

56
Q

20-29 yrs old High risk in serum cholesterol

A

> 220 mg/dL

57
Q

30-39 yrs old Moderate risk in serum cholesterol

A

> 220 mg/dL

58
Q

20-29 yrs old High risk in serum cholesterol

A

> 220 mg/dL

59
Q

40 yrs old and over Moderate risk in serum cholesterol

A

> 240 mg/dL

60
Q

40 yrs old high risk in serum cholesterol

A

> 260 mg/dL

61
Q

What do you call the type of classification used to characterize lipid disorders?

A

Fredrickson Classification of Lipid Disorders

62
Q

What test does Fredrickson Classification use?

A

Electrophoresis & Standing Plasma Test

63
Q

Type 1 Lipid Disorder

A

Hyperchylomicronemia

64
Q

Type 2a Lipid Disorder

A

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

65
Q

Type 2b Lipid Disorder

A

Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia

66
Q

Type 3 Lipid Disorder

A

Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia

67
Q

Type 4 Lipid Disorder

A

Familial Hypertriglyceridemia

68
Q

Type 1 Lipid Disorder is increased in

A

TAG, CHYLOMICRON

69
Q

Type 2a, Familial Hypercholesterolemia is increased in

A

CHOLE, LDL

70
Q

Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia is increased in

A

TAG, CHOLE, LDL, VLDL

71
Q

Familial Dysbetaliproteinemia is increased in

A

TAG, CHOLE, VLDL

72
Q

Familial Hypertriglyceridemia is increased in

A

TAG, VLDL

73
Q

Type 5 Lipid disorder is increased in

A

TAG, CHOLE, VLDL, CHYLO

74
Q

Hyperchylomironemia is caused by

A

Familial LPL Deficiency

75
Q

In standing plasma test, the sample should be stored in the ref for how many hours?

A

24 hours

76
Q

The presence of a floating creamy layer means a/an

A

increase in chylomicrons

77
Q

Increased level of VLDL produces __________ in standing plasma test

A

turbidity

78
Q

Fasting hours in Lipid profile test

A

12 hours

79
Q

What parameter in Lipid profile that can be tested even without fasting?

A

Total chole & HDL

80
Q

Reclined patients during collection to be tested for lipid profile would cause what effect in lipid values?

A

decrease

81
Q

Preferred sample for lipid profile

A

Serum/plasma

82
Q

Preferred sample to be tested for lipid profile using electrophoresis & ultracentrifugation

A

Plasma

83
Q

Capillary blood samples produce higher/lower values

A

lower values

84
Q

Lipemic samples in lipid testing are seen when TAG levels exceeds

A

exceeds 4.6 mmol/L (400 mg/dL)

85
Q

Hemolyzed and icteric samples are acceptable. T/F

A

FALSE

86
Q

The previous reference method for cholesterol measurement

A

Abell-Kendal method

87
Q

Reference method for Cholesterol

A

GC-MS method

88
Q

What type of reagent does the Abell-Kendal method use?

A

Liebermann-Burchard reagent

89
Q

Liebermann-Burchard Reagent is composed of

A

Glacial acetic acid, Sulfuric acid, Acetic anhydride

90
Q

The Liebermann-Burchard reagent is used in what method?

A

Abell-kendall Method

91
Q

The formation of a product in the Abell-Kendall method strongly absorbs at what wavelength?

A

410 nm

92
Q

The enzymatic method for cholesterol measurement uses what type of enzyme?

A

Cholesteryl esterase

93
Q

The definitive method for cholesterol measurement

A

IDMS (Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry)

clinchem (12 decks)

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