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Lipids & Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the building blocks of lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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2
Q

A substance made of 3 fatty acid molecules attached to 1 glycerol

A

Tricglycerides

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3
Q

Has 3 fatty acids with glycerol and a phospholipid head group

A

Phospholipids

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4
Q

The main storage form of energy, insulator, and shock absorber

A

TAG

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5
Q

The precursor of steroid-based hormones

A

Cholesterol

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6
Q

Free cholesterol has approximately ____% of total cholesterol

A

30%

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7
Q

A type of cholesterol that has approximately 70% of total cholesterol

A

Cholesterol esters

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8
Q

A spherical shape that transports lipids

A

Lipoprotein

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9
Q

The size of a lipoprotein

A

10-1200 nm

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10
Q

Composed of lipids and lipoproteins

A

apolipoprotein

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11
Q

The size of the lipoprotein is directly proportional to the lipid content. T/F?

A

True

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12
Q

Various lipoproteins can be separated through what method?

A

Ultracentrifugation

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13
Q

What maintains the structural integrity and serves as ligands and cell receptors?

A

Apolipoproteins

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14
Q

Apo-A1 can be found in what lipoprotein?

A

HDL

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15
Q

Apolipoprotein present in LDL, VLDL

A

Apo B-100

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16
Q

Apo B-48 is present in what lipoprotein?

A

Chylomicrons

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17
Q

VLDL, HDL contains what type of apolipoprotein?

A

Apo E

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18
Q

Apo (a) is present in what lipoprotein?

A

Lp(a)

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19
Q

What type of Apo E correlates with Alzheimers disease?

A

Apo E4

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20
Q

What type of Apo E Has an inverse relationship with Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Apo E2

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21
Q

Give the 4 Major Lipoproteins

A

HDL, LDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons

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22
Q

What lipoprotein can cause post-prangial turbidity?

A

Chylomicrons

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23
Q

What is the largest and least dense lipoprotein?

A

Chylomicrons

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24
Q

What lipoprotein transports exogenous TAG?

A

Chylomicrons

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25
What lipoprotein transports endogenous TAG?
VLDL
26
What lipoprotein can cause fasting hyperlipidemic turbidity?
VLDL
27
What the other term for Endogenous TAG?
Hepatic TAG
28
What lipoprotein is from the lipolysis of VLDL?
LDL
29
What lipoprotein transports cholesterol and is related to Atherosclerosis?
LDL
30
What lipoprotein contains the highest protein content?
HDL
31
Lipoprotein involved in Reverse Cholesterol Pathway
HDL
32
What lipoprotein has an inverse relationship with Atherosclerosis?
HDL
33
Give 3 abnormal lipoproteins
Beta-VLDL, Lp(a),LpX
34
What is the other term for Beta-VLDL
Floating Beta-lipoprotein
35
What is the other term for Lp(a)?
Sinking Pre-Beta -Lipoprotein
36
What abnormal lipoprotein is increased during familial dysbetalipoprotenemia/Type III hyperlipidemia
Beta-VLDL
37
Abnormal lipoprotein increased in premature CHD and stroke
Lp(a)
38
Abnormal lipoprotein present in Biliary cirrhosis/cholestasis
LpX
39
Patients with mutation in the enzyme LCAT has what type of abnormal lipoprotein?
LpX
40
A type of a complex lipid
Lipoproteins
41
High reference value for LDL Cholesterol
160-189
42
The optimal level for LDL
<100
43
The borderline high for LDL
130-159
44
A very high ref. range for LDL
>190 mg/dL
45
The desirable ref range for total cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
46
Total Cholesterol high level
>240 mg/dL
47
Borderline high for Total cholesterol
200-239 mg/dL
48
High HDL ref range
>60 mg/dL
49
Low HDL ref range
<40 mg/dL
50
TAG normal values
<150 mg/dL
51
TAG Borderline high
150-199 mg/dL
52
TAG high ref range
200-499 mg/dL
53
TAG very high level
>500 mg/dL
54
Cutoff points for Serum cholesterol, age 2-19 yrs old
170-185 mg/dL
55
20-29 yrs old Moderate risk in serum cholesterol
>200 mg/dL
56
20-29 yrs old High risk in serum cholesterol
>220 mg/dL
57
30-39 yrs old Moderate risk in serum cholesterol
>220 mg/dL
58
20-29 yrs old High risk in serum cholesterol
>240 mg/dL
59
40 yrs old and over Moderate risk in serum cholesterol
>240 mg/dL
60
40 yrs old high risk in serum cholesterol
>260 mg/dL
61
What do you call the type of classification used to characterize lipid disorders?
Fredrickson Classification of Lipid Disorders
62
What test does Fredrickson Classification use?
Electrophoresis & Standing Plasma Test
63
Type 1 Lipid Disorder
Hyperchylomicronemia
64
Type 2a Lipid Disorder
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
65
Type 2b Lipid Disorder
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
66
Type 3 Lipid Disorder
Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia
67
Type 4 Lipid Disorder
Familial Hypertriglyceridemia
68
Type 1 Lipid Disorder is increased in
TAG, CHYLOMICRON
69
Type 2a, Familial Hypercholesterolemia is increased in
CHOLE, LDL
70
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia is increased in
TAG, CHOLE, LDL, VLDL
71
Familial Dysbetaliproteinemia is increased in
TAG, CHOLE, VLDL
72
Familial Hypertriglyceridemia is increased in
TAG, VLDL
73
Type 5 Lipid disorder is increased in
TAG, CHOLE, VLDL, CHYLO
74
Hyperchylomironemia is caused by
Familial LPL Deficiency
75
In standing plasma test, the sample should be stored in the ref for how many hours?
24 hours
76
The presence of a floating creamy layer means a/an
increase in chylomicrons
77
Increased level of VLDL produces __________ in standing plasma test
turbidity
78
Fasting hours in Lipid profile test
12 hours
79
What parameter in Lipid profile that can be tested even without fasting?
Total chole & HDL
80
Reclined patients during collection to be tested for lipid profile would cause what effect in lipid values?
decrease
81
Preferred sample for lipid profile
Serum/plasma
82
Preferred sample to be tested for lipid profile using electrophoresis & ultracentrifugation
Plasma
83
Capillary blood samples produce higher/lower values
lower values
84
Lipemic samples in lipid testing are seen when TAG levels exceeds
exceeds 4.6 mmol/L (400 mg/dL)
85
Hemolyzed and icteric samples are acceptable. T/F
FALSE
86
The previous reference method for cholesterol measurement
Abell-Kendal method
87
Reference method for Cholesterol
GC-MS method
88
What type of reagent does the Abell-Kendal method use?
Liebermann-Burchard reagent
89
Liebermann-Burchard Reagent is composed of
Glacial acetic acid, Sulfuric acid, Acetic anhydride
90
The Liebermann-Burchard reagent is used in what method?
Abell-kendall Method
91
The formation of a product in the Abell-Kendall method strongly absorbs at what wavelength?
410 nm
92
The enzymatic method for cholesterol measurement uses what type of enzyme?
Cholesteryl esterase
93
The definitive method for cholesterol measurement
IDMS (Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry)
94

Clinchem (12 decks)

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