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MD2001 Week 7 > Lipids in Cell Membranes > Flashcards

Lipids in Cell Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lipid?

A

A molecule that has a low solubility in water

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2
Q

Example of lipids?

A

Phospholipids

Fats

Sterols

Some vitamins

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3
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

Sources of energy

Form membranes

Participate in cell signalling

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4
Q

What are the two parts of fatty acids?

A

Carboxyl group with long hydrocarbon chain

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5
Q

What is albumin?

A

Carrier of fatty acids

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6
Q

What length of fatty acids can be absorbed into the blood stream?

A

Short and medium

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7
Q

What are the different classifications of fatty acids in double bonds ratio?

A

Saturated 16:0

Unsaturated 18:1

Polyunsaturated 20:4

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8
Q

What are double bonds numbered as?

A

Delta

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9
Q

What are some disorders caused by inherited disorders in lipid pathway?

A

Gaucher’s

Niemann Pick

Tay-Sachs

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10
Q

What are the three different types of lipids found in membranes?

A

Glycerophospholipids

Sphingolipids

Cholesterol

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11
Q

What are the different head groups found on phospholipids?

A

Choline

Ethanolamine

Serine

Inositol

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12
Q

What phospholipid head is important in cell signalling?

A

Inositol

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13
Q

What core does glycolipids have?

A

Sphingolipids

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14
Q

What happens to membranes?

A

Turn spherical because of favourable energy position

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15
Q

Why are membranes important?

A

Compartmentalisation

Highly selective barriers

Have sensors to response to internal and external conditions

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16
Q

What two type of proteins are found in the fluid mosaic model?

A

Peripheral and integral

17
Q

How does the structure of phospholipid effect the fluid mosaic model?

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon tend to move fluid and faster than the saturated ones

18
Q

What is the structure of cholesterol?

A

Polar head. rigid planar steroid ring with a nonpolar hydrocarbon tail

19
Q

What happens when cholesterol is present in he membrane?

A

It stiffens

20
Q

How is asymmetry generated?

A

Phospholipid synthesized in ER from fatty acids in the cytosol

Release new phospholipids into the outer leaflet of the ER bilayer

Lipids are then transferred to other side by flippases

21
Q

How does the new membrane reach the plasma membrane?

A

Synthesized in ER then sent to Golgi

Transported by vesicles along to plasma membrane by motor proteins

Then budding and pinching to join plasma membrane

22
Q

What are the function of lipid rafts?

A

Lots of glycoproteins close together for vesicle trafficking and cell signalling

23
Q

What are the different types of membrane proteins?

A

Transmembrane

Membrane associated

Lipid-linked

Protein attached

24
Q

Example of membrane associated proteins

A

Pleckstrin homology domains

100 amino acid region found in many proteins that binds to certain types of phospholipids

25
Q

Example of lipid-linked protein

A

GPI- anchors

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

26
Q

Example of protein-attached proteins

A

Beta 2 adrenergic receptor with G protein signalling

Used for signal transduction

Mediates flight or fight response

MD2001 Week 7 (10 decks)

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