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MD2001 Week 7 > Active Transport and the Sodium/Potassium Channel > Flashcards

Active Transport and the Sodium/Potassium Channel Flashcards

1
Q

What is the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium?

A

Na- 140mM out, 10mM in

K- 5mM out, 140mM in

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2
Q

How do we control the electrochemical gradient?

A

Through Na/KATPase

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3
Q

What is the structure of the sodium pump?

A

2 alpha subunits with an ATP binding site each

2 beta units with cardiac glycoside binding sites

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4
Q

What is the Km for Na?

A

20mM

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5
Q

What is the Km for K?

A

1mM

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6
Q

What limits the activity of the sodium pump?

A

Decreasing intracellular sodium concentration

Decreasing potassium concentration extracellularly

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7
Q

How many times does the sodium pump go a second?

A

100

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8
Q

How can you inhibit the sodium pump?

A

Digoxin binding to cardiac glycosides

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9
Q

What happens when to the dose response curve if you decrease the extracellular concentration of K when digoxin is present?

A

Moves to the left

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10
Q

What is the therapeutic index?

A

The difference between the toxic effect and the therapeutic effect

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11
Q

How do you calculate the therapeutic index?

A

Minimum effective dose for 50% of the population

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12
Q

What do you use remifentanil for and what is its TI?

A

Patient controlled analgesia during labour

33000:1

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13
Q

What do you sue diazepam for and what is its TI?

A

Sedative

100:1

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14
Q

What do you use ethanol for and what is its TI?

A

Sedative

10:1

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15
Q

What do you use digoxin for what is its TI?

A

Congestive heart failure 2:1

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16
Q

What is the range of hypokalaemia?

A

Less than 3.5mM

17
Q

What is the range of normokalaemia?

A

3.6-5.3 mM

18
Q

What is the range of hyperkalaemia?

A

More than 5.5

19
Q

What are the symptoms of hypokalaemia?

A

Abnormal heart rhythms

Muscle damage

Muscle weakness or spasms

Paralysis

20
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperkalaemia?

A

Nausea

Palpitations

Muscle weakness

21
Q

Why is potassium level important for giving digoxin

A

If you are hypokalaemic then you increase the affinity for digoxin

This means you have to take into account the change in concentration as the therapeutic index has now changed as well

22
Q

What condition will lead to an increase in digoxin binding?

A

Hypokalaemia

23
Q

How does a diuretic treat pulmonary oedema?

A

Increases the volume output of the kidneys meaning there is a pressure that pulls the excess fluid out of the lungs

24
Q

What does diuretic used for?

A

High blood pressure

Excessive fluid retention

25
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics?

A

Increases urinary excretion of potassium

26
Q

How are digoxin and diuretics related?

A

Patients on digoxin who start diuretics may become hypokalaemic

A reduction in competition between K and digoxin results in increased digoxin binding to the sodium pump

Because of the very narrow therapeutic index, the patient develops digoxin toxicity

27
Q

What do you treat digoxin toxicity with?

A

Digibind

28
Q

What are the different concentrations of the sodium calcium exchanger?

A

Na- 140mM out, 10mM in

Ca- 2mM out

29
Q

What is the internal voltage inside the cell?

A

-70mW

30
Q

What is the function of GLUT1?

A

Basal uptake in placenta and brain

31
Q

What is the function of GLUT2?

A

Trans epithelial transport, Beta cells

32
Q

What is the function of GLUT3?

A

Basal uptake in the brain

33
Q

What is the function of GLUT4?

A

Skeletal muscle

34
Q

What is the function of GLUT5?

A

Intestinal absorption of fructose

35
Q

Describe intestinal uptake of glucose?

A

Sodium potassium pump pushes sodium out of the cell

2 sSodium enters through co transported with glucose

MD2001 Week 7 (10 decks)

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