Lipids & Fats Flashcards
What are the two properties of Lipids & Fats?
C and H–> non polar
Low solubility in aqueous solution–> form cell membranes (hydrophobic)
Name the 4 roles of Lipids & Fats
Energy storage (long term)
Cell & organelle membranes
Hormone signalling
Some vitamins
Structure of Fatty Acids
Long carbon hydrogen chain with carboxyl group
Structure of Triglycerides(fats)
3 fatty acid chains joined by glycerol
Structure of Phospholipids
2 fatty acid chains joined by glycerol with a phosphate
Structure of Steriods
Base for most hormones and cholesterol
Structure of Waxes
Long hydrocarbon chains (non polar)
Function of Fatty Acids
Building block for larger lipds
Function of Triglycerides(fats)
Long term energy storage
Function of Phospholipds
Main part of cell membranes
Function of Steriods
Sends signals to structural part of membrane
Function of Waxes
Water barrier
Example of Fatty Acids
In dietary fats
Example of Triglycerides(fats)
Saturated and unsaturated
Example of Phospholipds
Cell and organelle membranes
Example of Steriods
Testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, adrenaline
Example of Waxes
Waxy cuticle on leaves
Birds and bees - repel water
Do fatty acids contain an even number of carbon atoms?
True or False
True
Fatty Acids: Are carbonyl molecules added to the end of the molecules by enzymes?
True of False
False, acetyl molecules are added to the end of the molecules by enzymes
What does the carboxyl group do in the fatty acid chains?
They make the end of molecule polar and permits connections to the molecules by forming covalent bonds
Saturated fats
Fatty acid chain is “full” of hydrogen atoms(all single bonds between carbon atoms)
Unsaturated fats
One or more double or triple bond between carbons(more hydrogens could be added)
Examples of Unsaturated fats
Olive oil and coconut oil
Are saturated or unsaturated solid at room temperature?
Saturated animal fats are solid at room temperature
Are saturated or unsaturated liquid at room temperature?
Unsaturated plant fats/oil are liquid at room temperature
Cis Fats
Occur naturally Living things(ie. humans, bacteria, fungus) have enzymes to digest
Trans Fats
Produced chemically
No natural enzymes to digest “shelf stable”
What type of fats are used to produce trans fats?
Trans fats are a form of unsaturated form and are created during hydrogenation which converts liquid vegetable oils into semi-solid partially hydrogenated oil
Why are trans fats much more ‘shelf stable’ than cis-fats?
Trans fats raise your LDL levels and lower your HDL levels. People with low HDL levels will have greater risk of developing heart disease.
Why is it advised to minimize the amount of trans fat in your diet?
Increases your risk of getting a heart disease
What are Triglycerides composed of (2)?
Glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acid chains
What is the purpose of triglycerides?
- Type of fat in your body
- Eat more calories–> extra calories changed to triglycerides–> stores in fat cells for later use
- Body needs energy
- -> triglycerides are released into you bloodstream to provide fuel for your muscles to work
Name the 3 Omega- 3 Health Benefits
- Baby development
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Dementia support
Omega-3 are essential for
- Controlling blood clotting
- Building cell membranes in the brain
Name 3 Omega-3 Food Sources
Fish
Flax
Eggs(Chickens are feed FLAX seed in their diet)
What are Phospholipds composed of (3)?
Glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, and phosphate ‘2 head group’ negatively charged
Amphipathic
Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Micelle
Polar head and non polar tails
Phospolipid bilayer
lipid-bilayer sheet
Important
Oils/fats surrounded by phospholipds in detergents/soaps/shampoo
Entire micelle is easily washed down drain
What are 2 roles of phospholipds?
They provide barriers in cellular membranes to protect the cell and they make barriers for the organelles within those cells.
Steroids consist of:
4 fused carbon rings
Sterols
have an -OH group that increases solubility in water
First example of Sterols
Cholesterol
- important component of cell membrane(high solubility)
Second example of Sterols
Cortisol (adrenal glands)
- responsible to stress
Third Example of Sterols
Aldosterone (adrenal glands)
- salt & water balance
Fourth Example of Sterols
Sex hormones
- estrogen/estradiol, testosterone, progesterone
3 examples of Waxes
Cutin - way cuticle on surface of leaves
Birds- waxy coating to keep feathers dry
Bees- beeswax
