Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Grade 12 Biology > Lipids & Fats > Flashcards

Lipids & Fats Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two properties of Lipids & Fats?

A

C and H–> non polar

Low solubility in aqueous solution–> form cell membranes (hydrophobic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 4 roles of Lipids & Fats

A

Energy storage (long term)
Cell & organelle membranes
Hormone signalling
Some vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structure of Fatty Acids

A

Long carbon hydrogen chain with carboxyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structure of Triglycerides(fats)

A

3 fatty acid chains joined by glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Structure of Phospholipids

A

2 fatty acid chains joined by glycerol with a phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structure of Steriods

A

Base for most hormones and cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structure of Waxes

A

Long hydrocarbon chains (non polar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of Fatty Acids

A

Building block for larger lipds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of Triglycerides(fats)

A

Long term energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of Phospholipds

A

Main part of cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of Steriods

A

Sends signals to structural part of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of Waxes

A

Water barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example of Fatty Acids

A

In dietary fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example of Triglycerides(fats)

A

Saturated and unsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Example of Phospholipds

A

Cell and organelle membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of Steriods

A

Testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Example of Waxes

A

Waxy cuticle on leaves

Birds and bees - repel water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Do fatty acids contain an even number of carbon atoms?

True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fatty Acids: Are carbonyl molecules added to the end of the molecules by enzymes?

True of False

A

False, acetyl molecules are added to the end of the molecules by enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the carboxyl group do in the fatty acid chains?

A

They make the end of molecule polar and permits connections to the molecules by forming covalent bonds

21
Q

Saturated fats

A

Fatty acid chain is “full” of hydrogen atoms(all single bonds between carbon atoms)

22
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

One or more double or triple bond between carbons(more hydrogens could be added)

23
Q

Examples of Unsaturated fats

A

Olive oil and coconut oil

24
Q

Are saturated or unsaturated solid at room temperature?

A

Saturated animal fats are solid at room temperature

25
Q

Are saturated or unsaturated liquid at room temperature?

A

Unsaturated plant fats/oil are liquid at room temperature

26
Q

Cis Fats

A 
Occur naturally
Living things(ie. humans, bacteria, fungus) have enzymes to digest
27
Q

Trans Fats

A

Produced chemically

No natural enzymes to digest “shelf stable”

28
Q

What type of fats are used to produce trans fats?

A

Trans fats are a form of unsaturated form and are created during hydrogenation which converts liquid vegetable oils into semi-solid partially hydrogenated oil

29
Q

Why are trans fats much more ‘shelf stable’ than cis-fats?

A

Trans fats raise your LDL levels and lower your HDL levels. People with low HDL levels will have greater risk of developing heart disease.

30
Q

Why is it advised to minimize the amount of trans fat in your diet?

A

Increases your risk of getting a heart disease

31
Q

What are Triglycerides composed of (2)?

A

Glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acid chains

32
Q

What is the purpose of triglycerides?

A
  • Type of fat in your body
  • Eat more calories–> extra calories changed to triglycerides–> stores in fat cells for later use
  • Body needs energy
  • -> triglycerides are released into you bloodstream to provide fuel for your muscles to work
33
Q

Name the 3 Omega- 3 Health Benefits

A
  • Baby development
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Dementia support
34
Q

Omega-3 are essential for

A
  • Controlling blood clotting

- Building cell membranes in the brain

35
Q

Name 3 Omega-3 Food Sources

A

Fish
Flax
Eggs(Chickens are feed FLAX seed in their diet)

36
Q

What are Phospholipds composed of (3)?

A

Glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, and phosphate ‘2 head group’ negatively charged

37
Q

Amphipathic

A

Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic

38
Q

Micelle

A

Polar head and non polar tails

39
Q

Phospolipid bilayer

A

lipid-bilayer sheet

40
Q

Important

A

Oils/fats surrounded by phospholipds in detergents/soaps/shampoo
Entire micelle is easily washed down drain

41
Q

What are 2 roles of phospholipds?

A

They provide barriers in cellular membranes to protect the cell and they make barriers for the organelles within those cells.

42
Q

Steroids consist of:

A

4 fused carbon rings

43
Q

Sterols

A

have an -OH group that increases solubility in water

44
Q

First example of Sterols

A

Cholesterol

- important component of cell membrane(high solubility)

45
Q

Second example of Sterols

A

Cortisol (adrenal glands)

- responsible to stress

46
Q

Third Example of Sterols

A

Aldosterone (adrenal glands)

- salt & water balance

47
Q

Fourth Example of Sterols

A

Sex hormones

- estrogen/estradiol, testosterone, progesterone

48
Q

3 examples of Waxes

A

Cutin - way cuticle on surface of leaves
Birds- waxy coating to keep feathers dry
Bees- beeswax

Grade 12 Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions