Carbohydrates Flashcards
Carbohydrates are also called
Saccharides
List a monomer that is used to build carbs
Monosaccharides
Name the 3 forms of polymer which are made from the combination of monomers
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
2 Examples of monosaccharides
Aldose- sugar with aldehyde group
Ketose- sugar with ketone group
Two examples of aldose
- Glucose
- Galactose
- two possible isomers
- alpha or Beta
- two possible isomers
Example of ketose
Fructose
How are disaccharides formed?
Two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bond/linkage (aka ether bond)
Two types of Glycosidic Linkages
Alpha Glycosidic Linkages
Beta Glycosidic Linkages
List two dissacharides- one that is easy to digest, one that is difficult for almost all cells to digest
Alpha glycosidic linkage are easy to digest whereas Beta glycosidic linkage are more difficult to digest
Sucrase digests
sucrose
Maltase digests
maltose
-ase
enzymes
-ose
sugars
lactase digests
lactose
how do people become lactose intolerance?
They stop eating dairy which may lead to lactose intolerance
Solution for lactose intolerance
Lactaid products which contain lactase enzyme
How are polysaccharides formed?
Multiple saccharides joined by a or B glycosidic linkages
Amylase
Enzyme digests a-bonds in starch and glycogen
B bonds can be digested by mammalian enzymes
True or False?
False, B bonds cannot be digested by mammalian enzymes
Ruminants
Bacteria in rumen digests B bonds so cows, goats, sheep can absorb glucose into bloodstream for energy
Polysaccharides - list 2 examples of alpha-bonded molecules
- list 2 examples of beta-bonded molecules
2 examples of alpha bonded molecules
- Starch and Glycogen
2 examples of beta bonded molecules
- Cellulose and Chitin
