Lipids/Fats 1.4

Question 1

What are the three types of fats?

Answer 1

• Triglycerides (fats and oils)
• Sterols (cholesterol)
• Phospholipids (found in cell membrane)

Question 2

What are triglycerides responsible for in the body?

Answer 2

Energy and other important bodily processes.

Question 3

What types of fats are triglycerides made of?

Answer 3

Saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats.

Question 4

What determines the properties of a triglyceride?

Answer 4

The structure and arrangement of the fatty acids.

Question 5

What forms the backbone of a triglyceride?

Answer 5

A glycerol molecule.

Question 6

List three sources of triglycerides.

Answer 6

• Butter
• Olive oil
• Palm and Coconut Oil

Question 7

What is the function of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

Answer 7

Critical for function in bodily processes.

Question 8

What are the two forms of cholesterol mentioned?

Answer 8

HDL and LDL.

Question 9

What atoms make up lipids?

Answer 9

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 10

What characterizes saturated fats?

Answer 10

Carbons are saturated with hydrogen.

Question 11

What is the defining feature of unsaturated fats?

Answer 11

Presence of double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 12

What are the properties of monounsaturated fats at room temperature?

Answer 12

Tend to be more solid.

Question 13

What are polyunsaturated fats like at room temperature?

Answer 13

Tend to be liquids.

Question 14

What is the difference between cis and trans fats?

Answer 14

• Cis: Naturally occurring, hydrogen on the same side
• Trans: Mostly artificially occurring, hydrogen on opposite sides

Question 15

What are common sources of trans fats?

Answer 15

Processed foods.

Question 16

Where are saturated fats commonly found?

Answer 16

Animal products and some plant sources, like palm oil.

Question 17

What are considered healthy fats?

Answer 17

Monounsaturated fats from plant-based sources.

Question 18

What two essential fatty acids can the body not synthesize?

Answer 18

• Linolenic acid (Omega-3)
• Linoleic acid (Omega-6)

Question 19

What are the functions of omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer 19

• Important for brain function
• Decreases bad cholesterol
• Increases fluidity of myelin sheath
• Decreases blood pressure

Question 20

What is the role of omega-6 fatty acids?

Answer 20

• Promotes blood clotting
• Involved in inflammation
• Blood vessel constriction

Question 21

How do lipids provide insulation?

Answer 21

Layers of fat under the skin provide insulation from heat and cold.

Question 22

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 22

• Vitamin A
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K

Question 23

What are the two types of lipoproteins?

Answer 23

• Low density Lipoprotein (LDL)
• High density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 24

What is the primary function of LDL?

Answer 24

Deposits cholesterol in the arteries.

Question 25

What is the primary function of HDL?

Answer 25

Helps remove cholesterol from the arteries and transport to the liver.

Question 26

What is a characteristic of HDL cholesterol?

Answer 26

High density and more protein.

Question 27

What is a characteristic of LDL cholesterol?

Answer 27

Low density and less protein.

Question 28

What health risks are associated with high levels of LDL cholesterol?

Answer 28

Increases chances of heart disease and stroke.