Lipids, Arteriosclerosis, and Atherosclerosis

Question 1

What is the primary storage form of lipids in the body?

Answer 1

Triglycerides

Question 2

What is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?

Answer 2

Arteriosclerosis is a general term for hardening and thickening of the arteries, while atherosclerosis is a specific type where plaque builds up inside the arteries.

Question 3

Which type of lipoprotein is often referred to as “bad cholesterol” and is a major contributor to atherosclerosis?

Answer 3

LDL (Low-Density Lipoproteins)

Question 4

What are foam cells, and how do they contribute to atherosclerosis?

Answer 4

Foam cells are macrophages that have engulfed oxidized LDL cholesterol. They contribute to atherosclerosis by accumulating and forming fatty streaks, which are precursors to atherosclerotic plaques.

Question 5

List at least three risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Answer 5

High LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, family history (any three).

Question 6

What is the role of HDL cholesterol in lipid metabolism?

Answer 6

HDL cholesterol transports cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for recycling, potentially reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.

Question 7

Apolipoprotein B is requested in addition to the lipid profile test. What specimen is needed for this test?

Answer 7

Non-fasting serum

Question 8

What is a high risk level for cardiovascular disease based on apolipoprotein B?

Answer 8

≥ 130 mg/dl